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14 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

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Microbiology(1-history of Microbiology)

front 1

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do

back 1

Reported existence of protozoan in 1674 and of bacteria in 1676, he was the first person to see microorganisms with a microscope he built himslef

front 2

What did carlos linnaeus do, how long did he live

back 2

1707-1778, developmed a taxonomic system(binominal system)(genus &Species)

front 3

What did Francisco redi say

back 3

Animals only come from other animals

front 4

What did louis pasteur andeduard buchner and louis pasteur do and when

back 4

1822-1895, they got awarded a nobel for fermentation(process where microorganisms convert Carbohydrates to acid, alcohol or other compounds) and pasteurization(heating milk to clear it from harmful microorganisms)

front 5

What does rober koch do and when

back 5

1843-1910

  • He discovered a way to stain bacteria using aniline dyes(artificial dyes)
  • He discovered tuberle bacillus(the bacteria that causes tuberculosis) and got a nobel prize for observing it in 1905
  • he used a solid culture media which was gelatin(he used a solid substance that the bacteria can grow(medium) on instead of using a liquid substance, which made the bacteria grow in different colonies so that he could study multiple bacterias at once which couldn't have been possible with the liquid because the liquid would've mixed all of them together)

front 6

What did hans christian do and when

back 6

Lived between the period of time 1853-1938

But in 1884 discovered gram stain

front 7

What did joseph lister do and when

back 7

In 1878, he revolutionised sterilisation(cleaning) for during and after surgery, he discovered that you can reduce or end post-surgical infections and reduce the cause of death by spraying carbonic acid on the instruments to clean them during and after surgery

front 8

What did edward jenner do

back 8

He developed a method to attenuate viruses(using weakened version of the same or similar virus that can cause the same or similar diseases to stimulate the immune system to make it recognise the virus to be able to destroy the more dangerous disease or the not weakened virus تلقيح)(immunization)

front 9

What did Alexander fleming do and when

back 9

In 1929 he discovered the first antibiotic(Penicillin) and its effects

front 10

What did Oswald avery, Colin MacLeod, Maclyn McCarty do

back 10

They discovered that DNA is what contains Genes and it carries genetic information

front 11

What are some sciences that are in the modern age of microbiology

back 11

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetic engineering and recombinant(combining) DNA tech
  • Molecular biology

front 12

What are slime molds

back 12

They're organisms that are named that because in a stage of their life cycle they shaped like an ameboid with mutiple nucleuses with a nass of cytoplasm

front 13

What are some useful microorganisms

back 13

Those microorganisms used in cheese, antibiotics, proteins, vaccines, enzymes and vitamins

front 14

What are some harmful microorganisms

back 14

Microorganisms found in spoil food, deteriorate materials, cause diseases