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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

10 notecards = 3 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Lab 5

front 1

the potential of an electrode depends on the concentrations of one or more

back 1

species present in the solution in which the electrode is immersed

front 2

the potential, E, of the glass electrode depends on the

back 2

hydronium ion concentrations

front 3

Combination electrodes are available which combine the functions of the

back 3

calomel reference electrode, the internal reference in the glass electrode, and the concentration of H3O^+ in the analyte solution change

front 4

the initial pH of a water solution of sodium carbonate is about

back 4

10.5 due to hydrolysis of the CO3^2- ion

front 5

The continued addition of HCl titrant results in

back 5

a more rapid drop in pH to slightly above 7

front 6

The first inflection point in the curve corresponds to first

back 6

equivalence point at about pH 8

front 7

The second equivalence point occurs in

back 7

in pH 4

front 8

The endpoints for the first and second equivalence point volumes are

back 8

determined graphically using the 1st and second derivatives of the titration curve.

front 9

The reaction for the first equivalence point is:

back 9

CO3^2- (aq)+H2O (l) ---> HCO3^- (aq)+OH^- (aq)

front 10

for the second equivalence point reaction:

back 10

HCO3^- (aq)+ H3O^+ (aq) --->H2CO3 (aq) +H2O (l)