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36 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Introduction to Metallurgical Engineering

front 1

A Metal is a material

back 1

when freshly prepared, polished, or
fractured, shows a lustrous appearance,
and conducts electricity and heat
relatively well.

front 2

malleable

back 2

they can be hammered into
thin sheets

front 3

ductile

back 3

can be drawn into
wires

front 4

A metal may be a

back 4

chemical
element such as iron, or an alloy such as
stainless steel.

front 5

Stone Age

back 5

These metallurgy techniques began in the
Neolithic stage (towards the end of the stone age) c. 7500 BC
Cold Working
Annealing
Smelting
Lost Wax Casting

front 6

Bronze Age

back 6

c 4500 BC Being more robust than
copper, bronze enabled people to
create more durable metal objects

front 7

Iron Age

back 7

Iron artifacts were found as early as
2500 BC

front 8

Present Age

back 8

Aluminum,
Plastics, Ceramics,
Composites,
Semiconductors,
Super-alloys

front 9

Gold

back 9

Historically, used for decorative purpose no utilitarian value
• Currently still being used as jewelry but also widely used in electronic products

front 10

Copper

back 10

• A ductile material, resistant to
corrosion with very high thermal and
electrical conductivity.

front 11

Silver

back 11

Similar use to gold
decorative jewelry and
measure of wealth
• Phoenicians used silver
for anchors

front 12

Lead

back 12

• Galena was burnt to obtain
silver
• Used as writing material,
currency and construction
material.

front 13

Iron, Smelted

back 13

Iron from meteorites were used as early as 3500 BC
(found with 7% Ni)

front 14

Mercury

back 14

• used as amalgam – used to dissolve
silver and gold.
• Used by Chinese to prolong life, heal
fractures and maintain good health
(now known as a health hazard)

front 15

Tin

back 15

Used historically with copper to form bronze alloys.

Increases hardness, lowers melting
temperature and improves efficiency during casting.

front 16

Material Evidences

back 16

artifacts of jars, plates,
arrowheads, axes and other farm
implements, as well as the walls of
prehistoric caves

front 17

• Georgius Agricola (1494 to 1555)

back 17

De Re Metallica (On the Nature of
Metals)

front 18

Vannoccio Biringuccio (1480 to
c.1539)

back 18

• De La Pirotechnia (Concerning
Pyrotechnics)

front 19

Metallurgy

back 19

The art and science of extracting and
refining metals from primary and
secondary sources to characterize,
process, and fabricate for application
and use at a profit and with utmost
consideration of the environment

front 20

Minerals

back 20

naturally occurring,
• inorganically formed,
• homogenous solid
• definite chemical composition
and an orderly crystalline
structure

front 21

Ore

back 21

Is a mineral deposit w/c can be
ECONOMICALLY EXPLOITED to become
a source or supply of a particular
material

front 22

Concentrate

back 22

valuable minerals
obtained from the
recovery processes

front 23

Gangue

back 23

• Minerals of no value

front 24

Ore Dressing

back 24

• preparation required before the
extraction process

front 25

Recovery or Winning

back 25

• Process involving the production or
recovery of pure metal

front 26

Grade/Assay

back 26

• Metal content or measure of
the concentration of metal.
• Used to ascertain the content
of valuable metal in ore

front 27

Cut-off Grade

back 27

• lowest grade of mineralized
material considered economic

front 28

Native Ores

back 28

metal is present in elementary form
• Gold, Copper, Silver

front 29

Sulphide Ores

back 29

contain metals as sulphide
• CuFeS2, Cu2S,

front 30

Oxidized Ores

back 30

Valuable mineral may be present as oxide, sulfide, sulphates, silicates,
carbonates

front 31

Unit Operations

back 31

• individual sequential steps in
producing metal from the ore
involving purely physical
changes

front 32

Unit Processes

back 32

• individual sequential steps in
producing a metal involving chemical reactions and/or changes in the state of
aggregation

front 33

back 33

Minerals processing

front 34

back 34

Metal Purification

front 35

back 35

Forming Processes

front 36

back 36

Fabrication Techniques