| back 5 - the interior of the cell that
contains, within the cytosol, organelles
- in eukaryotic
cells - refers to the region between nucleus and the plasma
membrane
|
| back 6 - a subcellular structure that
have specialized forms and functions
|
| back 7 - forms a boundary for the
cell
- selectively permeable
- permits the passage of
selected materials into and out of the cell
|
front 8 what is the plasma membrane made up of? | back 8 - phospholipids
- proteins
- associated carbohydrates
(these molecules determine the function of the membrane) |
front 9 what is going on inside the eukaryotic cell? | back 9 - extensive, elaborately
arranged internal membranes divide cell into compartments
(organelles)
- compartments provide different local
environments that support specific metabolic functions
- this
allows incompatible processes to occur simultaneously in a
single cell
|
front 10 how do the plasma membrane and organelle membranes participate in the
cell's metabolism? | back 10 - many enzymes are built right
into the membranes
|
front 11 what is the basic fabric of most biological membranes? | back 11 - a double layer of
phospholipids and other lipids
- embedded in bilayer/attached
to surface are diverse proteins
|
| back 12 - each type of membrane has a
unique composition of lipids and proteins suited to that membrane's
specific functions
example: enzymes in mitochondria membranes function in cellular respiration |
front 13 cell wall (prokaryotic cell & plant cell) | back 13 - rigid structure outside of the
plasma membrane
- in plants, protects and helps maintain
their shape
- provides a barrier for some substances to enter
the plant cell
- primary component: cellulose
|
front 14 bacterial chromosome (prokaryotic cell) | back 14 - carries genes in the form of
DNA
|
front 15 nucleoid (prokaryotic cell) | back 15 - region where the cell's DNA is
located (not membrane bound)
|
| back 16 - network of membranous sacs and
tubes
- active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic +
metabolic processes
- has rough and smooth regions
|
front 17 plasmodesmata (plant cell) | back 17 - perforate the cell wall
- channels that connect plant cells
- allow communication
and movement of materials between cells
|
front 18 which two cellular components are involved in the genetic control of
the cell? | |
| back 19 - houses most of the cell's
DNA
- template to make messenger RNA (mRNA), which contains the
code to produce protein
- most noticeable organelle in cell
due to large relative size
|
| back 20 - a double membrane that
surrounds the nucleus
- continuous with the rough ER
- has pore structures that regulate what may enter or leave the
nucleus
|
| back 21 - complex of DNA and protein
housed in the nucleus that forms chromosomes
- diffuse
threads of this condense into visible chromosomes as cell gets ready
to divide
|
| back 22 - region of the nucleus where
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and complexes with proteins to
form ribosomal subunits
|
| back 23 - complexes that synthesize
protein
- composed of rRNA and protein
- sites of
protein synthesis within the cell
- consist of a large and
small subunit
|
| back 24 - float in cytosol
- produce proteins that are used within the cell
|
| back 25 - attached to the ER
- make proteins destined for export from the cell
|
front 26 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | back 26 - network of membranes and
sacs
- makes up more than half the total membrane structure in
many cells
- two types of ER: smooth and rough
|
| |
| back 28 - synthesis of lipids
- detoxification of drugs and poisons
- metabolism of
carbohydrates
- storage of calcium ions
|
| back 29 - aids in synthesis of secretory
and other proteins on bound ribosomes
- adds carbohydrates to
proteins to make glycoproteins
- produces new membrane
|
front 30 what does the endomembrane system consist of? | back 30 ER (rough and smooth), golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuole |
| back 31 - stacks of flattened membranous
sacs
- has polarity (cis and trans
faces)
- modifies proteins, carbohydrates on proteins, and
phospholipids
- synthesizes polysaccharides
- sorting of
"golgi" products - released into vesicles
|
| back 32 - membranous sac of hydrolytic
enzymes
- breakdown ingested substances, cell macromolecules,
and damaged organelles for recycling
|
| back 33 - large membrane-bound
vesicle
- assist in digestion, storage, waste disposal, water
balance, cell growth, and protection
|
front 34 what does the endomembrane system do? | back 34 - organelles that work together
to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
|
| back 35 - bounded by double
membrane
- inner membrane has infoldings
- function:
cellular respiration
|
| back 36 - two fluid membranes around
fluid stomata (contains thylakoids stacked into grana)
- function: photosynthesis
|
| back 37 - specialized metabolic
compartment bounded by a single membrane
- contains enzymes
that transfer H atoms from substrates to oxygen, producing hydrogen
peroxide, which is converted to H2O
|
| back 38 - functions in structural
support for the cell and in mobility and signal transmission
|
| back 39 - shape the cell
- guide
organelle movement
- separate chromosomes in dividing
cells
|
| back 40 - motile appendages containing
microtubules
- primary cilia play sensory and signaling
roles
|
| back 41 - thin rods that function in
muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, cytoplasmic streaming, and
support of microvilli
|
| back 42 - support cell shape
- fix organelles in place
|
front 43 what are plant cell walls made of? | back 43 - cellulose fibers imbedded in
other polysaccharides and proteins
|
| back 44 - animal cells secrete
glycoproteins and proteoglycans that form this
- functions in
support, adhesion, movement, and regulation
|
| back 45 - connect neighboring cells
|
front 46 how do plant cells connect? | |
front 47 how do animal cells connect? | back 47 - tight junctions
- desmosomes
- gap junctions
|
| back 48 - a living unit greater than the
sum of its parts
|
| back 49 - mitochondria and chloroplasts
descended from prokaryotic cells once engulfed by ancestors of
eukaryotic cells
EVIDENCE: double membrane structure, own ribosomes and circular DNA
molecules, reproduce independently within the cell |