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34 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

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genetics lab quiz 4

front 1

What is the cell cycle?

back 1

The process of growth and division for cells

front 2

What are the stages of the cell cycle

back 2

G0, G1, S, G2, mitosis

front 3

What happens during G0?

back 3

Cell is performing its normal function and is not preparing for division

front 4

What happens during G1?

back 4

Growing and preparing for division

front 5

What happens during S?

back 5

DNA is duplicated

front 6

What happens during G2?

back 6

Genetic material is condensed to prepare for division

front 7

What happens during mitosis?

back 7

Creates two daughter cells from a single parent cell

front 8

What happens during interphase(G0,G1,S)?

back 8

the cell is visibly larger and has twice the amount of DNA than a normal cell

front 9

What happens during prophase?

back 9

Chromosomes are further condensed and are now two sister chromatids attached by a centrosome. The nuclear member disappears and centrioles move towards opposite poles. The miotic spindle starts to form.

front 10

What happens during prometaphase?

back 10

The nucleus has almost disappeared and the chromatids start moving towards the middle of the cell. The kinetochores begin to form, and the spindle fibers elongate the cell.

front 11

What happens during metaphase?

back 11

Chromosomes are connected to spindle fibers by kinetochores, Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

front 12

What happens during anaphase?

back 12

Sister chromatids are pulled apart, and the spindle fibers start to shrink, allowing the single chromatids move towards opposite sides of the cell.

front 13

What happens during telophase?

back 13

Chromosomes are at the opposite sides of the cells and are unwound. Spindle fibers/kinetochores are broken down and the cell starts cleaving.

front 14

What happens during cytokinesis?

back 14

The cell is completely cleaved and 2 new daughter cells are produced with x2 the DNA

front 15

What happens during meiosis?

back 15

Creates reproductive cells(gametes). four daughter cells with a
variety of chromosomes to allow for genetic diversity in offspring are the outcome.

front 16

What are the stages of meiosis I?

back 16

Prophase I, Prometaphase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I

front 17

What happens during meiosis I?

back 17

2 daughter cells with x2 the DNA is formed

-Prophase I homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over -Metaphase I homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate side by side
-Anaphase I sister chromatids stay together while homologous chromosomes are separated

front 18

What the the stages of meiosis II?

back 18

Prophase II, Prometaphase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II

front 19

What happens during meiosis II?

back 19

The cells will split and create two more unique daughter cells with n amount of DNA. (it is like mitosis)

- Prophase II has no crossing over
-Anaphase II sister chromatids are split

front 20

When does crossing over occur?

back 20

During prophase I

front 21

True or false. We are 100% like our parents and siblings

back 21

false

front 22

What are the 4 stages of crossing over?

back 22

1. Chromosomes pair up (homologs create a tetrad and a centromere attaches them)

2. Crossing over (genetic material is exchanged at the chiasmata)

3. Recombination(creates new combinations of genes that are different than the parent.)

4. Speration(chromosomes are pulled apart in anaphase I)

front 23

True or false. there are many enzymes involved in crossing over.

back 23

true

front 24

What is topoisomerase?

back 24

It alleviates any tension that is created by the unwinding of the double helix of DNA

front 25

What is endonucleases?

back 25

Looks for specific areas in the DNA to cut. It is capable of making double strand breaks

front 26

What is exonucleases?

back 26

Remove the areas that the endonucleases cut through

front 27

What is DNA liagse?

back 27

Seals breaks in the DNA, allowing for the integration of the new DNA onto the existing strand

front 28

What is sex linkage?

back 28

When genes are located on sex chromosomes, meaning some
individuals are more likely to express a trait (or disorder) than others

front 29

Females and males have what chromosomes?

back 29

females- XX

males - XY

front 30

Does the Y chromosome carry a large diversity of genes?

back 30

No

front 31

Why are women less likely to exhibit symptoms of a sex linked gene?

back 31

Since females inherit two X chromosome they have two of every
gene

front 32

What are examples of sex linked traits?

back 32

Red-green color blindness, Hemophilia, fragile X syndrome, and male pattern baldness

front 33

What is sordaria?

back 33

A fungus that is convenient to use in labs for conducting tetrad analysis of segregation of color mutants. (Spends half of its life in a haploid vegetative state)

front 34

Finish reading about sordaria

back 34

kk