front 1 What type of diuretic is hydrochlorothiazide? | back 1 thiazide diuretic |
front 2 What kind of diuretic is furosemide? | back 2 loop diuretic |
front 3 What kind of diuretic is spironolactone? | back 3 potassium sparing diuretic |
front 4 Why are diuretics given and to what kind of patients? | back 4 given to lower blood pressure in patients who have fluid overload and congestive heart failure |
front 5 What might diuretics cause? | back 5 orthostatic hypotension |
front 6 Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide may cause what? | back 6 hypokalemia |
front 7 If your patient is taking furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide what levels should you be checking? | back 7 potassium levels |
front 8 Spironolactone may cause what? | back 8 hyperkalemia |
front 9 If your patient is taking furosemide what should you tell them to report and why? | back 9 ringing in the ear because it can cause ototoxicity |
front 10 If your patient is taking furosemide what should you advise them to do and why? | back 10 limit sun exposure and wear sunscreen as it can cause photosensitivity |
front 11 What is a side effect of antihypertensives? | back 11 hypotension |
front 12 If your patient is taking antihypertensives what should you advise them to do and why? | back 12 change positions slowly because it can cause hypotension |
front 13 What should you do before giving antihypertensives to your patient? | back 13 check their blood pressure and if low withhold the medication |
front 14 What suffix do ACE inhibitors have? | back 14 pril |
front 15 What type of medication are captopril, enalapril and lisinopril? | back 15 ACE inhibitors |
front 16 What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? | back 16 hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia |
front 17 ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in what kind of patients? | back 17 pregnant patients |
front 18 What suffix do beta blockers have? | back 18 olol |
front 19 What kind of medications are atenolol and metoprolol? | back 19 beta blockers |
front 20 What is an adverse effect of beta blockers? | back 20 bradycardia |
front 21 What must you check before giving beta blockers? | back 21 blood pressure and pulse rate |
front 22 What are adverse effects of insulin and antidiabetic medications? | back 22 hypoglycemia |
front 23 What should you advise your patient to do when taking antidiabetic medications or insulin? | back 23 take with food |
front 24 What two types of insulin can you mix together? | back 24 NPH and regular |
front 25 What is the only way insulin can be given? | back 25 via injections |
front 26 If regular insulin is cloudy what should you do and why? | back 26 discard it because it should clear |
front 27 A nurse is preparing to administer 10 units of regular insulin and 15 units of NPH insulin to a patient. What is the sequence of events you should follow? | back 27 inspect vials for contaminants, roll NPH vial between palms of hands, inject air into NPH insulin vial, inject air into regular insulin vial, withdraw short acting insulin into syringe, add intermediate insulin to syringe |
front 28 If you need to give your patient 10 units of regular insulin and 15 units of NPH insulin, how many units are you giving in total? | back 28 25 units total |
front 29 What kind of medication is digoxin? | back 29 antidysrhythmic |
front 30 What are signs of symptoms of digoxin toxicity? | back 30 nausea, vomiting, anorexia, changes in vision, bradycardia |
front 31 When should you withhold digoxin? | back 31 if your patient has bradycardia |
front 32 What suffix do HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have? | back 32 statin |
front 33 What are two adverse effects of statins? | back 33 hepatotoxicity and myopathy |
front 34 Patient's taking statins should avoid what kind of beverages? | back 34 grapefruit juice and alcohol |
front 35 When is the best time to take statins? | back 35 evening or at bedtime |
front 36 If your patient reports weak or sore muscles while taking statins what should you do? | back 36 withhold the medication and contact the healthcare provider |
front 37 When administering nitroglycerin ointment what should you do and why? | back 37 avoid touching it by wearing gloves to avoid absorbing the medication through your skin |
front 38 Where should you apply nitroglycerin transdermal patches? | back 38 hairless and clear area |
front 39 How long should you remove nitroglycerin transdermal patches for and why? | back 39 10 to 12 hours to prevent tolerance |
front 40 What should you advise your patient to do if they are taking nitroglycerin? | back 40 change positions slowly and rest feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up |
front 41 What is a common side effect of nitroglycerin? | back 41 throbbing headache |
front 42 What kind of classifications are opioids? | back 42 high alert drugs and controlled substances |
front 43 What can opioids do to a patient? | back 43 lower blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate |
front 44 What are side effects of opioids? | back 44 nausea and vomiting and constipation? |
front 45 If your patient is taking opioids what side effect should you educate them on? | back 45 constipation so advise them to eat foods with high fiber if it doesn't help you may give laxatives |
front 46 What is the antidote of opioids? | back 46 naloxone |
front 47 What kind of medication are acyclovir and valacyclovir? | back 47 antivirals |
front 48 What should you ask your patient before giving acyclovir? | back 48 if they have an allergy to milk |
front 49 What is the treatment for a patient with HIV? | back 49 antiretroviral therapy |
front 50 If your patient is taking antiretrovirals for HIV and is pregnant what should you advise them to do? | back 50 continue taking antiretroviral as prescribed throughout entire pregnancy to prevent transmission to the baby |
front 51 If your patient is taking acetaminophen what should you advise them to avoid? | back 51 alcohol, other hepatotoxic drugs and over the counter cold medications |
front 52 What are signs and symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity? | back 52 nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, sweating, and diarrhea |
front 53 What is the antidote of acetaminophen? | back 53 acetylcysteine |
front 54 Why do you give anticoagulants? | back 54 to prevent clot formation |
front 55 What is a dangerous adverse effect of anticoagulants? | back 55 bleeding |
front 56 What are signs and symptoms of bleeding? | back 56 gum and nose bleeding, black tarry stool, tachycardia |
front 57 If your patient is taking heparin or warfarin what should you advise them to use? | back 57 soft toothbrush |
front 58 If your patient is taking heparin what should you be frequently be checking? | back 58 aPTT |
front 59 What is the antidote of heparin? | back 59 protamine sulfate |
front 60 What should you be checking if your patient is taking warfarin? | back 60 PT and INR |
front 61 What is the antidote of warfarin? | back 61 Vitamin K |
front 62 Why is heparin only given via injection? | back 62 it can not be absorbed PO |
front 63 If your patient is taking warfarin what should you advise them to avoid? | back 63 foods high in vitamin K |
front 64 What is an adverse effect of heparin? | back 64 Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) |
front 65 What does epoetin alfa treat? | back 65 anemia |
front 66 If your patient is taking epoetin alfa what else should they be taking for it to work? | back 66 iron supplements |
front 67 What does filgrastim do? | back 67 stimulates formation of white blood cells |
front 68 What should you monitor when taking filgrastim? | back 68 white blood cells twice a week |
front 69 When you withdraw a dose of filgrastim from a vial what should you do with the rest? | back 69 discard the entire vial after one use |
front 70 What is are side effects of filgrastim? | back 70 splenomegaly and bone pain |
front 71 What is Parkinson's disease? | back 71 low levels of dopamine in the brain |
front 72 What are symptoms of Parkinson's disease? | back 72 stooped posture, masked face, tremors, shuffling gait, back rigidity |
front 73 How do you know if medications for Parkinson's are working? | back 73 the patient experiences less tremors and rigidity |
front 74 What are adverse effects of insulin and antidiabetic medications? | back 74 hypoglycemia |
front 75 What should you warn your patient about when taking carbidopa and levodopa? | back 75 it may turn urine and saliva into a dark color |
front 76 What should patients avoid when taking MAO inhibitors and why? | back 76 foods that contain tyramine because it can cause severe high blood pressure |
front 77 What are examples of food that contain tyramine and should be avoided by patients taking MAO inhibitors? | back 77 cheddar cheese, aged cheeses, avocado, sourdough bread, beer, red wine |
front 78 What type of medication is Bupropion and what else can it be used for? | back 78 it is an antidepressant that is also used for smoking cessation |
front 79 How do you know bupropion is working when being taken for smoking cessation? | back 79 decreased urge to smoke |
front 80 What are signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? | back 80 slow heart rate, slow respiration rate, always feels cold, weight gain, constipation, always tired |
front 81 What medication is used to treat hypothyroidism? | back 81 levothyroxine |
front 82 What are signs and symptoms of levothyroxine overdose? | back 82 tachycardia, tachypnea, nervousness, sweating, insomnia |
front 83 What are signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? | back 83 tachycardia, tachypnea, nervousness, sweating, intolerance to heat, weight loss, protruding eyes, diarrhea |
front 84 What medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism? | back 84 methimazole and propylthiouracil |
front 85 What might methimazole and propylthiouracil cause? | back 85 agranulocytosis (decreased number of white blood cells) |
front 86 What medication is used to treat osteoporosis? | back 86 alendronate |
front 87 What should you advise your patient to do when taking alendronate? | back 87 take with a full glass of water and remain sitting or standing for at least 30 minutes after taking it and don't take with milk or dairy |
front 88 What are adverse effects of alendronate? | back 88 jaw pain, blurred vision and dysphagia |
front 89 What are signs and symptoms of menopause? | back 89 hot flashes, depression, swinging moods, osteoporosis |
front 90 What can help treat symptoms of menopause? | back 90 hormone replacement therapy like medroxyprogesterone and conjugated estrogens |
front 91 What are side effects of medroxyprogesterone and conjugated estrogens? | back 91 increased risk of cervical cancer and clot formation |
front 92 What kind of medications are fluoxetine and paroxetine? | back 92 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
front 93 What should you tell your patient that is about to take SSRIs? | back 93 they make take 3-6 weeks to work so continue taking them |
front 94 What is an adverse effect of SSRIs? | back 94 increased risk of suicide within the first few weeks and sexual dysfunction |
front 95 What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? | back 95 hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking |
front 96 What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? | back 96 lack of motivation, lack of personal hygiene, lack of social interest |
front 97 How do you know if treatment for schizophrenia is working? | back 97 decreased hallucinations, better personal hygiene, better social interaction |
front 98 What does haloperidol treat? | back 98 schizophrenia |
front 99 What is an adverse effect of haloperidol? | back 99 pseudo parkinsonism |
front 100 What are signs and symptoms of pseudo parkinsonism? | back 100 shuffling gait, tremor, stooped posture |
front 101 What are signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? | back 101 fever, muscle rigidity, unstable blood pressure, dilated pupils |
front 102 What kind of medications are risperidone and quetiapine? | back 102 atypical antipsychotics |
front 103 What should you advise your patient to do if they are taking atypical antipsychotics and why? | back 103 check their weight because they can cause weight gain |
front 104 What do benzodiazepines cause? | back 104 sedation and drowsiness |
front 105 What suffix do benzodiazepines have? | back 105 pam or lam |
front 106 What kind of medication is lorazepam? | back 106 Benzodiazepine |
front 107 When should you withhold benzodiazepines? | back 107 if your patient is experiencing increased anxiety (paradoxical excitement) |
front 108 What is lithium used to treat? | back 108 bipolar disorder |
front 109 What is bipolar disorder? | back 109 episodes of mania and depression |
front 110 What are signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity? | back 110 tremor, slurred speech, nausea and vomiting |
front 111 You should you make sure your patient has enough intake of in their diet when taking lithium? | back 111 sodium |
front 112 Aspirin increases the risk of what? | back 112 GI bleeding |
front 113 What can be a contraindication for aspirin? | back 113 history of vitamin K deficiency |
front 114 What is salicylism? | back 114 aspirin toxicity |
front 115 What are signs and symptoms of salicylism? | back 115 fever, tinnitus, headache, sweating, dizziness, respiratory depression |
front 116 What patients should you not give aspirin to and why? What should you give them instead? | back 116 young children because it can cause Reye's syndrome so acetaminophen should be given instead |
front 117 How do first generation antihistamines work? | back 117 they reach the brain and cause sedation and drowsiness |
front 118 What are examples of first generation antihistamines? | back 118 chlorpheniramine and promethazine |
front 119 When should you take first generation antihistamines? | back 119 at bedtime because they cause sedation and drowsiness |
front 120 What are examples of second generation antihistamines? | back 120 loratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine |
front 121 What generation of antihistamines won't make you drowsy? | back 121 second generation |
front 122 What suffix do proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have? | back 122 prazole |
front 123 When is the best time to take proton pump inhibitors (PPI)? | back 123 once a day usually 30-60 minutes before breakfast |
front 124 What are side effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI)? | back 124 increased risk of pneumonia, osteoporosis, photosensitivity |
front 125 What kind of medication is prednisone? | back 125 Corticosteroid |
front 126 What should you be checking often in a patient that is taking corticosteroids? | back 126 blood sugar levels because they can be increased |
front 127 What suffix do penicillin's have? | back 127 cillin |
front 128 What is an adverse effect of penicillin? | back 128 anaphylaxis |
front 129 What are signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? | back 129 swelling of lips and tongue, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure |
front 130 What is the treatment for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis? | back 130 epinephrine injection subcutaneously |
front 131 What medications are used to treat tuberculosis? | back 131 isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin, ethambutol |
front 132 How long should patients take medications to treat tuberculosis? | back 132 9-12 months |
front 133 What should you check before giving treatment for tuberculosis and why? | back 133 liver function because the medications are hepatoxic |
front 134 What can rifampin cause? | back 134 orange urine, saliva and other body secretions |
front 135 Your patient develops urticaria, rash and itching during blood transfusion. What is your priority action? | back 135 stop the transfusion |
front 136 What should you give to a patient that is experiencing an asthma attack? | back 136 short acting beta2 agonists |
front 137 What suffix do short acting beta2 agonists have? | back 137 buterol |
front 138 What are contraindications for receiving the varicella vaccine? | back 138 pregnancy, immunocompromised, allergy to gelatin and neomycin |
front 139 What age should a patient receive the meningococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (MCV 4)? | back 139 age of 6-12 and a booster at age 16 |
front 140 Who can receive yearly flu vaccines? | back 140 everyone including pregnant patients |
front 141 Who can receive live attenuate influenza vaccines? | back 141 patients between the ages 2 and 50 |
front 142 Who can not receive the live attenuate influenza vaccine? | back 142 children 2-17 who are taking aspirin, patients who are taking antiviral medication, patients under the age of 2 and patients over the age of 50, and patients that are pregnant |
front 143 What age should the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine be given? | back 143 12-15 months and booster at age of 4-6 years |
front 144 How should you take carbidopa and levodopa? | back 144 on an empty stomach but if discomfort is experienced they may be taken with applesauce |
front 145 What are adverse effects of insulin and antidiabetic medications? | back 145 hypoglycemia |