front 1 Succesion | back 1 changes in types of populations in a community over time following a disturbance |
front 2 primary succesion | back 2 growth on a new mineral substance, not previously inhabited SOIL IS NOT PRESENT glacial recession, volcanic deposition, sand dunes, and land slides (abiotic) |
front 3 secondary succesion | back 3 new organisms introduced but soil remains intact from a previous community NOT BARREN LAND fire, storm/flood damage, clear cuts (logging), and insect outbreak |
front 4 mutualism | back 4 a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship ( + + ) ex) swollen thorn acacia tree and acacia ant |
front 5 commensalism | back 5 symbiotic relationship in which one species benefit and the other species has no effect (+ 0 ) ex) shark and remora |
front 6 parasitism | back 6 symbiotic relationship in which one species lives on or inside another organism and harms it. ex) paddlefish and sea lamprey |
front 7 density dependent limiting factors | back 7 the more dense a population, the more effects with one population ex) disease or invasive species |
front 8 density independent limiting factors | back 8 affects all populations in a similar way, regardless of population size ex) hurricanes, drought, flood, wild fires |
front 9 R-selected strategies | back 9 unpredictable environments, greatest chance of death near birth, very high rates of birth with little to no parental care. ex) fish, some reptiles, most insects, plants |
front 10 K-selected strategies | back 10 stable environment, most individuals survive to adulthood, usually low birth numbers with high level care for their young. ex) humans, bears, whales, elephant |
front 11 what controls the size of the population | back 11 birth immigration death emigration |
front 12 exponential graph | back 12 how fast the population grows under ideal conditions with unlimited resources the larger the population gets, the faster it grows |
front 13 logistic graph | back 13 how population growth slows and then stops following a period of exponential growth due to carrying capacity |
front 14 carrying capacity | back 14 this is the maximum # of organisms tha an environment can support controlled by limiting factors |
front 15 limting factors | back 15 1) disease 2) competition (food, space, mates) 3) predation 4) weather/climate conditions |
front 16 the order of size | back 16 individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere |
front 17 bioaccumulation | back 17 amount of toxin in an organisms tissue (gets higher in amount the farther up the trophic levels |
front 18 biomagnification | back 18 the amount of toxic chemicals found in animals in relationship to the food chain (when moving up the food chain) |
front 19 keystone species | back 19 a single species that is not usually abundant in a community, yet exerts strong control on the structure of the community ex) otter on sea urchins, sea urchins on kelp |
front 20 habitat | back 20 where an organism lives |
front 21 niche | back 21 the species way of life of the role that is plays in the environment |
front 22 generalist | back 22 a species with a broad niche, can tolerate a range of conditions and resources |
front 23 specialists | back 23 species with a narrow niche makes use of a few resources and habits generalists are more succesful bc they can tolerate a larger range |
front 24 fundamental niche | back 24 the range of conditions that a species can potentially use |
front 25 realized niche | back 25 the resources an organism actually uses |
front 26 competitive exclusion principle | back 26 two species cannot occupy the same niche |
front 27 symbiosis | back 27 a relationship in which two species live closely together |
front 28 competition | back 28 species competing for the same limited resources |
front 29 predation | back 29 one organism kills and eats another |
front 30 predator examples | back 30 sharp teeth/claws speed echolocation vision |
front 31 prey examples | back 31 cryptic coloration warning coloration mimicry camouflage |
front 32 food web | back 32 is all the food chains in an ecosystem |
front 33 food chain | back 33 is a possible path of energy/nutrients may take as they move through the ecosystem (food chains make the food web) |
front 34 detritivores | back 34 organism that eat nonliving plant and animal remains |
front 35 decomposer | back 35 like fungi or bacteria and turn organic waste into inorganic materials |
front 36 biomass | back 36 energy in living organisms biomass decreases as trophic level increases |
front 37 10% rule | back 37 as you go up in trophic level, the amount of energy decreases by 10% |
front 38 disturbance | back 38 any physical force that results in mortality of organisms or loss in biomass frequency, intensity, and scale |
front 39 resistance | back 39 the ability to maintain structure and/or function during a disturbance not as effected |
front 40 resilience | back 40 the ability to return to its original conditions following a disturbance ability to rebound |
front 41 monoculture | back 41 one plant being grown clearing large areas of land to plant a single highly productive crop |
front 42 altered habitats | back 42 urban development split ecosystem into species |
front 43 hunting | back 43 can lead to extinction |
front 44 introduced/invasive species | back 44 threaten biodiversity by outcompeting and driving native species to extinction |
front 45 population | back 45 a group of individuals of the same species that interbreed and live in the same area |
front 46 populations can be ... | back 46 clumped, random, and uniform |
front 47 type 2 | back 47 equal chance of death at all times ex) jellyfish, squirrels, and birds |