front 1 Which of the following statements concerning viruses is FALSE? | back 1 Viruses enter a cell to complete the replication they have begun extracellularly |
front 2 The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus? | back 2 protection and recognition |
front 3 During the intracellular state, a virus exists as | back 3 a nucleic acid |
front 4 Viruses are primarily classified according to their | back 4 type of nucleic acid |
front 5 Host specificity of a virus is due to | back 5 interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules |
front 6 Who was the first person to demonstrate the existence of viruses? | back 6 Ivanowsky |
front 7 How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms? | back 7 They have no extracellular state |
front 8 Which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure? | back 8 viroids |
front 9 Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage? | back 9 envelope |
front 10 Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is true? | back 10 Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family. |
front 11 Which of the following statements comparing virus classification and taxonomy of organisms is true? | back 11 Genus and specific epithet are used in both classification systems |
front 12 Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages: | back 12 Attachment, Entry, Synthesis, Assembly, and Release |
front 13 Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a
bacteriophage to a bacterial | back 13 random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity |
front 14 The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle? | back 14 entry and release |
front 15 The phenomenon of transduction is associated with which of the stages of a bacteriophage infection cycle? | back 15 assembly |
front 16 Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle? | back 16 digestion of host DNA |
front 17 Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage? | back 17 The genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of cells |
front 18 Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage back to a lytic phage? | back 18 UV light and X rays |
front 19 Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus
infection are called plaques. | back 19 lysogenic |
front 20 Which of the following is matched INCORRECTLY? | back 20 adenovirus — membrane fusion |
front 21 Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following? | back 21 retroviruses |
front 22 The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA? | back 22 +ssRNA viruses |
front 23 Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated? | back 23 -ssRNA viruses |
front 24 In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate
solely in the cytoplasm of | back 24 a DNA polymerase |
front 25 Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope? | back 25 the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum |
front 26 The majority of cases of infant diarrhea are caused by what kind of virus? | back 26 dsRNA viruses |
front 27 How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda phage prophage? | back 27 The HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA |
front 28 Which of the following individuals discovered prions? | back 28 Prusiner |
front 29 One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the
genetic regulatory | back 29 retroviruses |
front 30 Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called | back 30 metastasis |
front 31 Plaque assays are used for | back 31 estimating the number of phages in a culture |
front 32 Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways? | back 32 longevity and source of cells |
front 33 Viroids infect | back 33 plants |
front 34 How are prions different from all other known infectious agents? | back 34 They lack nucleic acid |
front 35 The infectious particles of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to | back 35 viroids |
front 36 A lipid membrane is present | back 36 in both cells and viruses |
front 37 Double-stranded RNA genomes can be found | back 37 only in viruses |
front 38 Cytoplasm is a characteristic of | back 38 Cells only |
front 39 Proteins are present in | back 39 both cells and viruses |
front 40 Viruses are shed slowly and steadily during | back 40 persistent infection |
front 41 During __________, viruses remain dormant in a cell | back 41 latency |
front 42 Virus replication results in the death of the cell in a(n) __________ infection | back 42 lytic |
front 43 Virus infection results in cancer in the process of | back 43 oncogenesis |
front 44 is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses | back 44 Budding |
front 45 Viruses cause most human cancers | back 45 FALSE |
front 46 Most viruses cannot be seen by light microscopy | back 46 TRUE |
front 47 Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack | back 47 TRUE |
front 48 Many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking capsids | back 48 TRUE |
front 49 Bacteriophages are cheaper and easier to culture than animal viruses | back 49 TRUE |
front 50 Assembly of new viruses is a process that usually requires the
direction of a variety of viral | back 50 FALSE |
front 51 Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time | back 51 FALSE |
front 52 Poxvirus is assembled in the cytoplasm of the cell instead of in the nucleus, as is the case for | back 52 TRUE |
front 53 Transcription of RNA from RNA does not occur in uninfected cells | back 53 TRUE |
front 54 Virus vaccines are always cultured in embryonated chicken eggs | back 54 FALSE |