front 1 Manifest Destiny | back 1 A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. |
front 2 Mexican-American War | back 2 (1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory. |
front 3 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | back 3 (1848) treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected |
front 4 Wilmot Proviso | back 4 (JP), David Wilmot Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico (1846), Calhoun against with his compact theory (govt. created by states) |
front 5 Compromise of 1850 | back 5 (MF) by Daniel Webster, California wanted to join the Union, but if California was accepted the North would gain control of the Senate, and Southerners threatened to secede from the Union. This compromise set up California joining the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide the question of slavery, slave trading is banned in the nation's capital, The Fugitive Slave Law is passed, and the border between Texas and New Mexico was set. |
front 6 Popular Sovereignty | back 6 Authority of the people |
front 7 Fugitive Slave Law | back 7 Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. |
front 8 Kansas-Nebraska Act | back 8 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. |
front 9 Bleeding Kansas | back 9 (1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state. |
front 10 Free-Soil Party | back 10 A political party formed in 1848 from a merger between the northern Democratic Party, abolitionist Liberty Party and Antislavery Party. It supported abolition and nominated Martin Van Buren has their candidate for president |
front 11 Republican Party | back 11 A party formed that was against slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was formed in 1854. Abe Lincoln was a republican president. They wanted Kansas to be admitted as a free state, and they were against popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery. |
front 12 Dred Scott Decision | back 12 Supreme Court decision that deemed the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, declared slaves to be "property" that could not be removed without due process (Fifth Amendment). |
front 13 Lincoln-Douglas Debate | back 13 1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate |
front 14 Freeport Doctrine | back 14 Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so |
front 15 Harper's Ferry | back 15 John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged |
front 16 Election of 1860 | back 16 Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. |
front 17 Crittenden Compromise | back 17 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36ยบ30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - |
front 18 Southern Succession | back 18 When Lincoln was elected, Southerners felt their political voice in the government was lost. They believed the only way to preserve their life was to secede (withdraw) from the Union. This caused a Civil War between the North and South, in which the North attempted to regain the South as part of the Union. |
front 19 Morrill Tariff | back 19 1861 This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. |
front 20 Fort Sumter | back 20 -Where the Civil War essentially started. When the Union tried to resupply the fort and the South fired on the fort, the war was inevitable. |
front 21 Monitor vs Merrimac | back 21 monitor prevented souths ironclad ship from seriously challenging the US naval blockade; the ease at which the two ironclads destroyed wooden sailing ships was to revolutionize the future of naval warfare |
front 22 Battle of Antietam | back 22 Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties |
front 23 Emancipation Proclamation | back 23 (AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free |
front 24 Battle of Gettysburg | back 24 Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North. |
front 25 Gettysburg Address | back 25 declared that the United States had to stand as a country where all men are created equal and should be treated as equals. |
front 26 13th Amendment | back 26 1865. Amendement abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of comitting a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude. |
front 27 Civil Rights Act of 1866 | back 27 1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal |
front 28 14th Amendment | back 28 1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts |
front 29 15th Amendment | back 29 Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude |
front 30 Black Codes | back 30 Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War.Sharecropping |
front 31 10% Plan | back 31 A plan by Abraham Lincoln that would help restore the South by allowing a southern state to rejoin the union if at least 10% of it's voters swore loyalty to the union and if slavery were abolished. The plan also gave amnesty to some southerners. |
front 32 Military Reconstruction | back 32 1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions |
front 33 Freedmen's Bureau | back 33 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs |
front 34 Ku Klux Klan | back 34 A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. |
front 35 Election of 1876 | back 35 Ended reconstruction because neither candidate had an electoral majority. Hayes was elected, and then ended reconstruction as he secretly promised |
front 36 Compromise of 1877 | back 36 Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river |
front 37 Know Nothing Party | back 37 aka the American Party; major political force from 1854-1855; objective: to extend period of naturalization, undercut immigrant voting strengths, and keep aliens in their place |
front 38 Nativism | back 38 An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840s and 1850s in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics. |
front 39 Gold Rush | back 39 in California that brought thousands to the newly claimed California territory. California quickly became a state in 1850 along with the compromise of 1850. San Francisco grew from a little town to a booming city in a very short amount of time. People came to California from all over the world struck up a relationship with the Chinese people. |
front 40 Homestead Act | back 40 Act of 1862 that permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public land and to purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years. |
front 41 Gadsden Purchase | back 41 Acquired additional land from Mexico for $10 million to facilitate the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad. |
front 42 Lecompton Constitution | back 42 The pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas' admission to the union. It was rejected. |
front 43 Sumner-Brooks Incident | back 43 1856 - Charles Sumner gave a two day speech on the Senate floor. He denounced the South for crimes against Kansas and singled out Senator Andrew Brooks of South Carolina for extra abuse. Brooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him. |
front 44 Thomas Nast | back 44 A famous caricaturist and editorial cartoonist in the 19th century and is considered to be the father of American political cartooning. His artwork was primarily based on political corruption. He helped people realize the corruption of some politicians |
front 45 Compromise 1877 | back 45 Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South. |