front 1 Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by EXAM 2 BONUS | back 1 smooth muscle |
front 2 An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when EXAM 2 BONUS | back 2 the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise |
front 3 Positive feedback has occurred when EXAM 2 BONUS | back 3 uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus |
front 4 To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmouth moths EXAM 2 BONUS | back 4 rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth |
front 5 If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index? EXAM 2 BONUS | back 5 bushier plants, higher leaf area indexes |
front 6 An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the EXAM 2 BONUS | back 6 green frog |
front 7 In flowering plants, pollen is released from the EXAM 2 BONUS | back 7 anther |
front 8 The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include EXAM 2 BONUS | back 8 increasing crop yield |
front 9 A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains? EXAM 2 BONUS | back 9 S3S4 |
front 10 One disadvantage of monoculture is that EXAM 2 BONUS | back 10 genetic uniformity makes a crop more vulnerable to a new pest or disease |
front 11 Exam 1 Questions: 1) An individual mixotroph loses its plastids, yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival? | back 11 It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption |
front 12 2) The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found | back 12 Encysted in the muscles of an animal such as cow or pig |
front 13 3) Protists are alike, in that all are.....? | back 13 Eukaryotic |
front 14 4) Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour? | back 14 Ergotism |
front 15 5) Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible? | back 15 Increase of the above ground stem |
front 16 6) Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system frequently changing their surface protein? | back 16 Trypanosoma and Plasmodium |
front 17 7) In life cycles with an alternation of generation, multicellular haploid forms alternate with | back 17 multicellular diploid forms |
front 18 8) Which taxon is essentially equivalent to "Embryophytes" | back 18 Plantae |
front 19 9) The functional role of sporopollenin is to primarily | back 19 Reduce dehydration |
front 20 10) In the monocots, the number of petals in their flowers is divisible by 3 while in eudicots its divisible by 4 or 5 (TRUE/FALSE) | back 20 TRUE |
front 21 11) Which of the following characteristics helped seedless plants better adapt to life on land? | back 21 Stomata on leaf |
front 22 12) Which of the following characteristics added more to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? | back 22 The shelled, amniotic egg |
front 23 13) If fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite then it | back 23 Belongs to species that is homosporous |
front 24 14) Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of leaf when atmospheric CO2 level decline is most analogous to human | back 24 putting more Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) into the circulation when atmospheric O2 levels decline |
front 25 15) In plants which of the following are directly produced by meiosis? | back 25 Haploid spores |
front 26 16) Which of the following is a characteristic of most extant species reptiles and most extant mammals? | back 26 Keratinized skin |
front 27 17) Which of the following terms refers to the symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves? | back 27 Endophytes |
front 28 18) Which phylum is characterized by animals that have segmented body? | back 28 Arthropoda |
front 29 19) Angiosperm are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success? | back 29 Fruits enclosing seeds |
front 30 20) Which of the following is unique to animals? | back 30 Nervous conduction and muscular movement |
front 31 21) When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what is most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter? | back 31 Fungal enzymes |
front 32 22) Chemicals secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as | back 32 Antibiotics |
front 33 23) Orchid seeds are tiny with virtually no endosperm and with minuscule cotyledons. If such seeds are deposited in a dark, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination given what seed lack? | back 33 By providing embryos with some of the organic nutrients they have absorbed |
front 34 24) Acoelomates are characterized by | back 34 A solid body without a cavity surrounding internal organs |
front 35 25) Which chemical is synthesized by sponges and acts as an antibiotic? | back 35 Cribostatin |
front 36 26) Trypanosoma gambiae, transmitted by tse tse flies is the parasite that causes malaria (TRUE/FALSE) | back 36 FALSE |
front 37 27) What would be the most effective way of reducing the incidence of blood fluke in humans? | back 37 Reduce the freshwater snail population |
front 38 28) Trematodes that parasitize the humans spend part of their lives in snail hosts (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 38 TRUE |
front 39 29) Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by | back 39 Eating undercooked pork |
front 40 30) One summer Taryn returns to family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl above on submerged surface or when disturbed seemingly "jet" through the water | back 40 Insects |
front 41 31) Blood flukes can dodge immune responses and thrive in a human host for more than 40 years (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 41 TRUE |
front 42 32) Ciliates typically have single nucleus (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 42 FALSE |
front 43 33) Heterotrophs are organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 43 FALSE |
front 44 34) Apicomplexans enter and spread through their host as infectious cells called sporozoites (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 44 TRUE |
front 45 35) Tapeworms are dangerous to human health because they have a very efficient digestive system which enables them to cause nutritional deficiencies by robbing lots of nutrients from their human hosts. (TRUE/ FALSE) | back 45 FALSE |
front 46 Exam 1 Bonus Questions: 1) Which of the following statements concerning protists is true? | back 46 All protists have mitochondria, though in some species they are much reduced and known by different names |
front 47 2) Cutting down rain forest can lead to | back 47 Decreased rainfall |
front 48 3) Phylogenetic trees are best described as | back 48 Hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships |
front 49 4) Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristic is mismatched? | back 49 Ciliates - Red tide organisms |
front 50 5) Which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer? | back 50 Diatom |
front 51 6) In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants? | back 51 Pollen |
front 52 7) Which of the following statements is true of archegonia? | back 52 They temporarily contain sporophyte embryos |
front 53 8) Largest to Smallest | back 53 Gametophyte ----> Gametangia ----> Antheridia ----> Gametes |
front 54 10) A fruit is most commonly | back 54 a mature ovary |
front 55 11) Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophyte? | back 55 Pollen tubes |
front 56 12) Which of the following are characteristics of hyphae fungi? | back 56 They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources |
front 57 A student measures water potential and takes a reading in normal daylight, with the stomata open, and photosynthesis occurring what should the data look like if the cohesion-tension mechanism is operating? EXAM 2 | back 57 Ψ atmosphere < Ψ leaves < Ψ roots < Ψ soil |
front 58 Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt mainly because EXAM 2 | back 58 stomata close, preventing carbon dioxide from entering the leaf |
front 59 Ten tomato plants were germinated and kept in a large tray with no drainage after several weeks they wilt and die despite watering and fertilization this is because EXAM 2 | back 59 lack of oxygen for the roots |
front 60 Which soil mineral is leached during hard rain EXAM 2 | back 60 NO3 - |
front 61 A farmer buys land in a relatively arid area and wants to make money off of it for a several years what advice would you give the farmer? EXAM 2 | back 61 selecting crops adapted to arid areas |
front 62 NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to EXAM 2 | back 62 The percent of 3 different mineral nutrients |
front 63 A plant is suffering from mineral deficiency after being treated with fungicide, what caused it EXAM 2 | back 63 mycorrhizal fungi were killed |
front 64 What experiment is the best way to determine if an element is essential for plant growth? EXAM 2 | back 64 grow plant using hydroponics with and without the element |
front 65 What element is often limiting nutrient for plant growth EXAM 2 | back 65 nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus |
front 66 Nitrogen fixation is a process that EXAM 2 | back 66 converts nitrogen gas into ammonia |
front 67 When weeding your garden you expose roots of pea plants and see swelling on the roots and reddish tinge to the ones you damaged, most likely your pea plants are EXAM 2 | back 67 benefiting from mutalistic bacterium |
front 68 Correct order of floral organs from outside to inside of a complete flower EXAM 2 | back 68 sepals - petals - stamens - carpels |
front 69 Sperm cells are formed in plants by EXAM 2 | back 69 mitosis in male gametophytes |
front 70 Which of the following flower parts develop into seed EXAM 2 | back 70 ovule |
front 71 the generative cell male angiosperm gametophyte is haploid, it divides to produce two haploid sperm cells, what type of cell division is used to produce the sperm cells EXAM 2 | back 71 mitosis |
front 72 Which of the following is correct regarding flowering plants EXAM 2 | back 72 pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel |
front 73 Animal and Insect pollinated produces 1000 pollen grains while wind produces 1,000,000 pollen grains what does that indicate EXAM 2 | back 73 wind pollination is less efficient then animal-assisted pollination |
front 74 Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants, which feature is unique to them and made for their success EXAM 2 | back 74 fruits inclosing seeds |
front 75 The coordination of a vertebrate body from chemical signals by the EXAM 2 | back 75 endocrine system |
front 76 If you bend your ear and let go it returns to shape because the cartilage contains EXAM 2 | back 76 elastic fibers |
front 77 All animals large or small have EXAM 2 | back 77 most cells in contact with aqueous medium |
front 78 What type of tissue would the term carcinoma and melanoma is closely associated with EXAM 2 | back 78 epithelial |
front 79 An elephant and mouse run around in the sun, overheat, then go in the shade to rest who cools down faster EXAM 2 | back 79 mouse will, higher surface-area-to-volume ratio |
front 80 blood glucose rises, pancreas secretes insulin, as result levels decrease, when level is low pancreas secretes glucagon it rises, such regulation of blood glucose level is result of EXAM 2 | back 80 negative feedback |
front 81 advantages + disadvantages to adaptions, Endotherms are at a disadvantage in EXAM 2 | back 81 environments with variable and limited food sources |
front 82 energy budgets of a human, elephant, penguin, mouse, snake ______ has highest annual energy and _____ highest energy expenditure per unit mass EXAM 2 | back 82 elephant; mouse |
front 83 The Human Knee-Jerk reflex requires an intact (EXAM 4) | back 83 Spinal cord |
front 84 The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic or opposing actions are (EXAM 4) | back 84 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems |
front 85 Internal and external fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of (EXAM 4) | back 85 Calcium ions |
front 86 If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin then (EXAM 4) | back 86 Embryonic germ layers would not form |
front 87 The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of (EXAM 4) | back 87 Nervous and sensory systems |
front 88 From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences (EXAM 4) | back 88 Cleavage -> Gastrulation -> Organogenesis |
front 89 Animal cells that are present only for a brief developmental phase will, following completion of that phase, undergo (EXAM 4) | back 89 Apoptosis |
front 90 Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissue. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were (EXAM 4) | back 90 Determined |
front 91 Most of the neurons in the human brain are (EXAM 4) | back 91 Interneuron |
front 92 A common feature of action potentials is that they (EXAM 4) | back 92 Are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold |
front 93 The “threshold” potential of membrane (EXAM 4) | back 93 Is the minimum depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels |
front 94 Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except (EXAM 4) | back 94 Formed from layers of connective tissue |
front 95 Supposing you dived to the bottom of the ocean to study fish and discovered a population of fish that are only females. Give the type of reproduction these fish most likely use (EXAM 4) | back 95 Parathenogensis |
front 96 The “undershoot” phase of after hyper polarization is due to (EXAM 4) | back 96 Sustained opening of voltage-gated potassium channels |
front 97 Immediately after an action potential passes along an axon, it is not possible to generate a second action potential; thus, we state (EXAM 4) | back 97 Refractory |
front 98 Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via (EXAM 4) | back 98 Exocytosis |
front 99 The fastest possible conduction velocity of action potentials is observed in (EXAM 4) | back 99 Thick, myelinated neurons |
front 100 Neural transmission across a mammalian synapse gap is accomplished by (EXAM 4) | back 100 Impulse causing the release of a chemical signal and its diffusion the gap |
front 101 Neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells by (EXAM 4) | back 101 All of these options are correct |
front 102 Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 102 Direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms |
front 103 The blood-brain barrier (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 103 Is formed by tight junctions |
front 104 Among non-mammalian vertebrates the cloaca is an anatomical structure that functions as (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 104 A shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive system |
front 105 A reproductive difference between sea urchins, and humans (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 105 The sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization |
front 106 Contact of a sea urgent egg with signal molecules on sperm cause the egg to undergo brief (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 106 Membrane depolarization |
front 107 Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ____ nervous system (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 107 Sympathetic |
front 108 The primitive streak in a bird is the function equivalent of (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 108 The lip of the blastopore in the frog |
front 109 Action potentials normally carried in only one direction from the axon hillock toward the axon terminals. If you experimentally depolarize the middle of the axon to threshold, using an electronic probe, then (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 109 two action potentials will be initiated are going toward the axon terminal and one going back towards the headlock |
front 110 a chemical that affects neuron function, but is not stored in the presynaptic vesicles is (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 110 Nitric oxide |
front 111 The coronation of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 111 cerebellum |
front 112 A Human sperm cells first arise in the (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 112 Seminiferous tubles |
front 113 Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum of 2°C (i.e, near the normal body core temp) and holding it there would (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 113 Reduce the fertility of the men by impairing, spermatogenesis |
front 114 The vitelline layer of the sea urchins eggs (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 114 has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins |
front 115 At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in | back 115 One secondary oocyte |
front 116 For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mv an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of the neurons cytoplasm would result in (EXAM 4 BONUS) | back 116 The hyperpolarization of the neuron. |