front 1 Corn production in many states of the Midwest is limited by nitrogen
levels in the soil. Some
farmers reduce the need to apply
expensive anhydrous ammonia to their fields by rotating
corn
crops with nitrogen-fixing soybean crops. Using soybeans to
add nitrogen to soils is an example
of
A) biological
augmentation.
B) the biomass pyramid.
C) promoting leaching
efficiency.
D) bioremediation.
E) trophic efficiency. | |
front 2 To selectively remove soil toxins from regions affected by Hurricane
Katrina, some residents
have raised sunflowers and other plants
in their yards. Then, the mature plants are pulled up and
safely
stored with other contaminated wastes. This is an example of
A)
biological augmentation.
B) reducing primary production.
C)
lowering production efficiency.
D) bioremediation.
E)
arresting nutrient cycling. | |
front 3 Which of the following would be considered an example of
bioremediation?
A) using a bulldozer to reshape the land around
an abandoned strip mine to change erosion
patterns
B)
dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments
C)
reconfiguring the channel of a river to increase the flow of water
down a river
D) raising chromium-accumulating plants to extract
chromium from contaminated soil
E) selectively harvesting younger
trees in a forest to leave older trees for woodpecker nesting
habitat | back 3 raising chromium-accumulating plants to extract chromium from
contaminated soil |
front 4 Which of the following relies upon existing biodiversity for the
decontamination of polluted
ecosystems?
A) Some types of
bacteria naturally convert toxins to less hazardous forms.
B)
Sawdust from lumber mills can be used to soak up chemicals that have
saturated natural
ecosystems.
C) Species in contaminated
areas may evolve into forms that can survive in contaminated
soils.
D) After centuries of agricultural production, soils
depleted of nitrogen can be replenished by
promoting the growth
of nitrogen-fixing organisms. | back 4 Some types of bacteria naturally convert toxins to less hazardous forms. |
front 5 What is the goal of restoration ecology?
A) to replace a ruined
ecosystem with a more suitable ecosystem for that area
B) to
speed up the restoration of a degraded ecosystem
C) to completely
restore a disturbed ecosystem to its former undisturbed state
D)
to prevent further degradation by protecting an area with park
status
E) to manage competition between species in human-altered ecosystems | back 5 to speed up the restoration of a degraded ecosystem |
front 6 What is the first step in ecosystem restoration?
A) to restore
the physical structure
B) to restore native species that have
been extirpated due to disturbance
C) to remove competitive
invasive species
D) to identify the limiting factors of the
producers
E) to remove toxic pollutants | back 6 to restore the physical structure |
front 7 Why do logged tropical rain forest soils typically have nutrient-poor
soils?
A) Tropical bedrock contains little phosphorous.
B)
Logging results in soil temperatures that are lethal to
nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
C) Most of the nutrients in the
ecosystem are removed in the harvested timber.
D) The cation
exchange capacity of the soil is reversed as a result of
logging.
E) Nutrients evaporate easily into the atmosphere in the
post-logged forest. | back 7 Most of the nutrients in the ecosystem are removed in the harvested timber. |
front 8 Which of the following statements is correct about biogeochemical
cycling?
A) The phosphorus cycle involves the recycling of
atmospheric phosphorus.
B) The phosphorus cycle involves the
weathering of rocks.
C) The carbon cycle is a localized cycle
that primarily involves the burning of fossil fuels.
D) The
carbon cycle has maintained a constant atmospheric concentration of
CO2 for the past
million years.
E) The nitrogen cycle
involves movement of diatomic nitrogen between the biotic and
abiotic
components of the ecosystem. | back 8 The phosphorus cycle involves the weathering of rocks. |
front 9 How does phosphorus normally enter ecosystems?
A) cellular
respiration
B) photosynthesis
C) rock weathering
D)
vulcanism
E) atmospheric phosphorous gas | |
front 10 In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria that replenish the atmosphere
with N2 are
A) Rhizobium bacteria.
B) nitrifying
bacteria.
C) denitrifying bacteria.
D) methanogenic
protozoans.
E) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. | |
front 11 Which of the following locations is the reservoir for carbon in the
carbon cycle?
A) atmosphere
B) sediments and sedimentary
rocks
C) fossilized plant and animal remains (coal, oil, and
natural gas)
D) plant and animal biomass
E) all of the above | |
front 12 Which of the following locations is the main reservoir for nitrogen
in Earth’s nitrogen cycle?
A) atmosphere
B) sedimentary
bedrock
C) fossilized plant and animal remains (coal, oil, and
natural gas)
D) plant and animal biomass
E) soil | |