front 1 Consumer Goods | back 1 products and services that satisfy human wants directly |
front 2 Perestroika | back 2 Perestroika was an attempt during the 1980's (mainly under Gorbachev) to restructure the Communist party and economy of the USSR. Perestroika was associated with greater openness in government and limited access to an open market and (very limited) private ownership.The objective of perestroika was to improve the efficiency of socialism in the USSR and make production more responsive to consumer needs. |
front 3 Glasnost | back 3 A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry. |
front 4 Solidarity Movement | back 4 a Polish trade union that used peaceful civil resistance for workers rights and social change against the oppressive communist government. This movement was one of the first movements in a Soviet satellite nation to challenge the communist government. |
front 5 Ronald Regan | back 5 1981-1989, served as the 40th president of the United States;
"Great Communicator" Republican, when dealing with the
Soviet Union, Reagan first using a detente approach and later engages
in an arms race with the Soviet Union. |
front 6 Mikail Gorbachev | back 6 as Soviet general Secretary of the Communist Party assumed power in 1985, he introduced political and economic reforms and then found himself presiding of the breakup of the Soviet Union |
front 7 Lech Walesa | back 7 A Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. |
front 8 Brinkmanship | back 8 A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression. |
front 9 Arms Race | back 9 Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons |
front 10 I.C.B.M. (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) | back 10 a ballistic missile that is capable of traveling from one continent to another |
front 11 MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) | back 11 a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender |
front 12 Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962) | back 12 The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. |
front 13 Nuclear Proliferation | back 13 the spread of nuclear weapons production technology and knowledge to nations without possession |
front 14 nuclear nonproliferation | back 14 efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, or the materials and technology necessary for the production of nuclear weapons |
front 15 Detente | back 15 A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon. |
front 16 Non-alignment | back 16 political independence from Cold War superpowers, movement led by India |
front 17 Joseph Stalin | back 17 Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition |
front 18 Nikita Khrushchev | back 18 A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia. |
front 19 Fidel Castro | back 19 Cuban socialist leader who overthrew Batista (dictator) in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis |
front 20 Kim II Sung (North Korea) | back 20 When Korea was effectively divided between a Soviet-occupied northern half and a U.S.-supported southern half at the end of World War II, Kim Il-sung helped establish a communist provisional government in North Korea; His attack on South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. He remained in power until 1994. |
front 21 Ho Chi Minh | back 21 led a long and ultimately successful campaign to make Vietnam independent. He was a communist president of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969, used guerrilla warfare to fight anti-communist |