front 1 What is inflammation? | back 1 an immune response that can localize infection and helps with healing |
front 2 What are signs and symptoms of inflammation? | back 2 pain, redness, warmth, swelling and loss of function |
front 3 What enzymes do non selective NSAIDs block? | back 3 COX-1 and COX-2 |
front 4 What are examples of nonselective enzymes? | back 4 ibuprofen and aspirin |
front 5 What is COX-1 important for? | back 5 the lining of the stomach and function of platelets |
front 6 NSAIDs increase the risk of what? | back 6 bleeding and renal dysfunction |
front 7 NSAIDs should be taken with what? | back 7 full glass of water and food |
front 8 When taking NSAIDs your patient should report signs of what? | back 8 bleeding and bruising |
front 9 When administering NSAIDs as a nurse what should you report before? | back 9 any associated causes that increase bleeding, vitamin K deficiency, or history of peptic ulcer disease |
front 10 What is salicylism? | back 10 aspirin toxicity |
front 11 What are clinical manifestations of salicylism? | back 11 tinnitus, sweating, fever, dehydration, headache and dizziness and respiratory depression |
front 12 If your patient reports ringing in the ear while taking aspirin what should you do? | back 12 withhold the medication and call the provider |
front 13 What patients shouldn't you give aspirin too? | back 13 patients under the age of 15 |
front 14 What is Reye syndrome? | back 14 a rare but serious complication that causes confusion, swelling in the brain and liver damage |
front 15 What causes Reye Syndrome? | back 15 occurs when aspirin is used for fever reduction in children and adolescents who have a viral illness, such as chickenpox or influenza |
front 16 What would you give a child with a fever since aspirin is dangerous for them? | back 16 acetaminophen |
front 17 Selective NSAIDs block which enzyme? | back 17 COX-2 |
front 18 Selective NSAIDs increase the risk for what? | back 18 Myocardial infraction and stroke |
front 19 What suffix do corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) have? | back 19 -sone and -solone |
front 20 Corticosteroids is produced by what part of our body? | back 20 adrenal cortex |
front 21 Why shouldn't you stop taking corticosteroids abruptly? | back 21 can cause adrenal glands atrophy also known as acute adrenal insufficiency |
front 22 What are some effects of corticosteroids? | back 22 weight gain, water retention, buffalo hump, moon face, increased blood sugar levels, increased BP and depresses immune system |
front 23 What does DMARDs stand for? | back 23 disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
front 24 Why do you give DMARDs? | back 24 to suppress the immune system |
front 25 What are examples of DMARDs? | back 25 adalimumab and etanercept |
front 26 What is the route for administering DMARDs? | back 26 subcutaneous injection |
front 27 What should you educate your patient on when administering DMARDs at home? | back 27 rotate site of injection |
front 28 What is gout? | back 28 metabolic disorder that causes a person to either make too many uric acid crystals from the proteins he/she eats or to not eliminate the crystals in the urine |
front 29 What do uric acid crystal cause? | back 29 causes arthritis with symptoms of pain, redness, swelling and progressive joint damage with function loss; usually in the big toe |
front 30 If your patient has gout what should you educate them on? | back 30 avoid eating uric acid producing foods such as meat, chicken and tuna |
front 31 What medications are best for a patient with history of gout? | back 31 febuxostat (Uloric) and allopurinol (Aloprim, Zyloprim) |
front 32 What should you educate your patient on if they are taking antigout medications? | back 32 drink plenty of water usually 3 L every day |
front 33 What are broad spectrum antibiotics? | back 33 they are effective against a wide variety of bacteria |
front 34 What are narrow spectrum antibiotics? | back 34 they are effective against a few strains of bacteria |
front 35 Penicillin family medications usually have what suffix? | back 35 -cillin |
front 36 The penicillin family medications can cause? | back 36 an allergic reaction that is mild or severe or anaphylaxis |
front 37 What does anaphylaxis cause? | back 37 swelling of lips and tongue, hives, difficulty breathing, wheezing, low BP, fast heart rate |
front 38 If a patient is taking penicillin for the first time what should you do? | back 38 advise them to stay at the clinic for at least 30 minutes to monitor any effects; especially check for any wheezing |
front 39 Penicillin can decrease effectiveness of what other medications? | back 39 oral contraceptives |
front 40 Medications in the cephalosporin family usually have what prefix? | back 40 ceph- or cef- |
front 41 Cephalosporin may cause? | back 41 nephrotoxicity (kidney) |
front 42 If a patient has history of allergy to penicillin can they take cephalosporin? | back 42 No because their is cross sensitivity in both medications |
front 43 What is an example of a medication in the carbapenem family? | back 43 imipenem cilastatin |
front 44 What are side effects of imipenem cilastatin? | back 44 Upset GI, nephrotoxicity and increase risk of seizures |
front 45 Medications in the macrolides family usually have what suffix? | back 45 -thromycin |
front 46 What are adverse reactions of Macrolides? | back 46 GI discomfort, diarrhea, interactions with other drugs such as anticoagulants |
front 47 Vancomycin is used for what types of infections? | back 47 helps treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and C.diff |
front 48 What is the mechanism of vancomycin? | back 48 it is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor drug |
front 49 What are effects of vancomycin? | back 49 ototoxicity (hearing problem) and nephrotoxicity |
front 50 Fast infusion of vancomycin may cause? | back 50 Redman syndrome |
front 51 What medication is an example of the sulfonamides family? | back 51 trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole |
front 52 What is sulfonamides usually used for? | back 52 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
front 53 What are effects of sulfonamides? | back 53 photosensitivity, suppress bone marrow function and increase for bleeding |
front 54 What are examples of fluoroquinolones? | back 54 ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin |
front 55 What are indications for fluoroquinolones? | back 55 urinary tract infections, COPD and pneumonia |
front 56 A patient who was exposed to anthrax needs to receive what type of medication? | back 56 ciprofloxacin |
front 57 What are adverse effects of fluoroquinolones medications? | back 57 damage to joints, tendons, ligaments and cartilage |
front 58 What medications treat tuberculosis? | back 58 isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin, ethambutol |
front 59 A patient with tuberculosis should take treatment medication for how long? | back 59 9-12 months |
front 60 Macrobacterium tuberculosis enters our body at what percent due latent tuberculosis (no signs or symptoms)? | back 60 90% - 95% |
front 61 What percent of patients may experience active tuberculosis? | back 61 5% - 10% |
front 62 What are signs and symptoms of active tuberculosis? | back 62 fever, night sweats, weight loss, productive cough |
front 63 What are effects of anti-tuberculosis medications? | back 63 hepatotoxicity, neuropathy, kidney disfunction, orange secretion (tear, urine), changes in vision |
front 64 Before taking treatment for tuberculosis what organ function should you check? | back 64 liver function |
front 65 What are examples of anti-fungal medications (SATA)? | back 65 amphotericin B and Nystatin |
front 66 Amphotericin B should only be given for what types of fungal infections? | back 66 life threatening fungal infections |
front 67 Nystatin is usually given to treat what type of infection? | back 67 vaginal candidiasis (yeast) |
front 68 For a patient who has been prescribed fluconazole for treatment of a fungal infection which symptoms would indicate a medical emergency due to an adverse reaction? | back 68 painful red or purple rash and blisters |
front 69 Metronidazole treats what types of infections? | back 69 protozoa and bacterial infections |
front 70 What is disulfiram reaction? | back 70 patient can't tolerate alcohol because metronidazole blocks enzymes that are supposed to metabolize alcohols |
front 71 If a patient who has been receiving metronidazole, reports severe nausea and facial flushing what does it usually indicate? | back 71 patient might have unintentionally taken alcohol; cough syrups contain alcohol |
front 72 What medications treat malaria? | back 72 chloroquine, primaquine |
front 73 If your patient want to travel to areas in which malaria is common what type of treatment should you give and how often? | back 73 antimalarials weekly for two weeks before traveling and continue for 8 weeks after patient comes back |