front 1 phylogeny | back 1 evolutionary history showing the relatedness of a group |
front 2 taxa | back 2 any groups of organisms |
front 3 node | back 3 point where branch splits + common ancestor from which descendent species diverged |
front 4 phylogenetic tree | back 4 shows evolutionary history of groups and organinsms |
front 5 classification | back 5 reflects understanding of phylogenetic relationships |
front 6 clade '(monophyletic) | back 6 group of organisms that include a common ancestor and all its descendants |
front 7 sauropids | back 7 group of birds and traditional reptiles |
front 8 paraphyletic | back 8 includes some but not all of descendants of a common ancestor |
front 9 cladogram | back 9 type of evolutionary tree based on clades |
front 10 characters | back 10 anatomical, physiological, or molecular features that makeup organisms |
front 11 shared characters | back 11 characters sometimes present in two or more groups of organisms |
front 12 homology | back 12 similarity that results from shared ancestry |
front 13 analogy | back 13 similarity that results from convergent evolution |
front 14 echolocation | back 14 to locate objects in their surroundings by emitting sounds and interpreting patterns of echoes |
front 15 prestin | back 15 hair cells of mammalian ars and is involved in hearing ultrasonic frequencies |
front 16 derivable character | back 16 evolutionary innovation in ancestors of horses and donkeys |
front 17 synapomorphy | back 17 novelty arises in common ancestor of two taxa |
front 18 outgroup | back 18 taxon whose common ancestor with the group of interest is older than common ancestor of group interest |
front 19 molecular data | back 19 provides wealth of characters that complement other types of info. in building tree |
front 20 biological species concept (BSC) | back 20 species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from each other such groups |
front 21 morphospecies | back 21 members of the same species usually look alike |
front 22 niche | back 22 complete description role the species plays in their environment and of its abiotic and biotic environments |
front 23 reproductive isolation | back 23 inability of diff species to produce viable, fertile offspring |
front 24 prezygotic | back 24 factors act before fertilization + prevent fertilization |
front 25 postzygotic | back 25 after fertilization + prevent fertilzed egg from devloping |
front 26 speciation | back 26 process by which new species are produced |
front 27 divergent evolution | back 27 2 pop. of organisms become genetically and physically diff from each other |
front 28 allopatric | back 28 populations geographically separated from each other |
front 29 dispersal | back 29 some individuals colonize a distant place |
front 30 vicariance | back 30 geographic barrier arises within single pop. separating it into 2 or more isolated pop. |
front 31 sympatric | back 31 pop. that are in the same geographic location |
front 32 adaptive radiation | back 32 unusually rapid evolutionary diversification in which natural selection accelerates the rates of both speciation and adaptation |
front 33 gradualism | back 33 species change slowly over time |
front 34 punctuated equilibrium | back 34 model in which there are periods if relatively little change |