front 1 Allopatric speciation | back 1 where a population forms a new species while being geographically isolated from its parent population |
front 2 Sympatric Speciation | back 2 where a subset of a population forms a new species without geographic separation |
front 3 Directional Selection | back 3 it shifts the overall makeup of the population by favoring variants that are at one extreme of the distribution. |
front 4 Disruptive Selection | back 4 it favors variants at both ends of the distribution |
front 5 Stabilizing Selection | back 5 it removes extreme variants from the population and preserves intermediate types. |
front 6 Genetic Drift | back 6 it is a chance events that alter allele frequencies from one generation to the next in a population, especially in a small population. |
front 7 Founder Effect | back 7 it is where a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population |
front 8 Bottleneck effect | back 8 it is a severe drop in population size resulting in certain alleles being overrepresented, underrepresented, or not represented at all |
front 9 Gene Flow | back 9 the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes |
front 10 Gene | back 10 coding for a particular trait |
front 11 Allele | back 11 different variations of a gene |
front 12 Gene Pool | back 12 sum of genes within a population |
front 13 Genotype | back 13 genetic make-up, alleles present on your chromosome |
front 14 Homozygous | back 14 having the same allele for a gene ex. AA, aa |
front 15 Heterozygous | back 15 having different alleles for a gene (dominant allele will be expressed) ex. Aa |
front 16 Homozygous Dominant | back 16 having the dominant alleles ex. AA |
front 17 Homozygous Recessive | back 17 having the recessive alleles, only expressed when they are homozygous ex. aa |
front 18 Phenotype | back 18 the visual characteristics that are being expressed |
front 19 Hardy-Weinberg Theorem | back 19 - Population is not changing/evolving - Population is n ever true in nature - Population can estimate how far off the populations are - Population can investigate why not at equilibrium |
front 20 Equation for Allelic Frequency in a Population | back 20 p + q = 1 p – frequency of dominant allele q - frequency of recessive allele |
front 21 Equation for Genotypic Frequency in a Population | back 21 p^2 + 2pq + q^2= 1 p2 – frequency of homozygous dominant 2pq - frequency of heterozygous q2 – frequency of homozygous recessive |