front 1 Which variables define the ecological life history of a
species?
A) the age at which reproduction begins, frequency of
reproduction, and the number of offspring
for each reproductive
episode
B) the ratio of females to males, the length of the
breeding season, and the number of offspring
for each
reproductive episode
C) the number of offspring produced over a
lifetime by a breeding pair and the survivability of
the
offspring
D) timing breeding sessions with optimal environmental
conditions and the number of offspring
produced during each
breeding session
E) the amount of parental care given after
birth, the number of reproductive episodes per year,
and the
number of years females are capable of producing viable offspring | back 1 the age at which reproduction begins, frequency of reproduction, and
the number of offspring
for each reproductive episode |
front 2 Which pattern of reproduction is correctly paired with a
species?
A) iteroparity—Pacific salmon
B)
iteroparity—elephant
C) semelparity—oak tree
D)
semelparity—rabbit
E) semelparity—polar bear | |
front 3 In which of the following situations would you expect to find the
largest number of K-
selected individuals?
A) a recently
abandoned agricultural field in Ohio
B) a shifting sand dune
community of south Lake Michigan
C) an old-growth forest
D)
South Florida after a hurricane
E) a newly emergent volcanic island | |
front 4 Which of the following is most likely to contribute to
density-dependent regulation of
populations?
A) the removal
of toxic waste by decomposers
B) intraspecific competition for
nutrients
C) earthquakes
D) floods
E) fires | back 4 intraspecific competition for nutrients |
front 5 Why do populations grow more slowly as they approach their carrying
capacity?
A) Density-dependent factors lead to fewer births and
increased mortality.
B) Density-independent factors lead to fewer
births and increased mortality.
C) Hormonal changes promote
higher death rates in crowded populations.
D) Individuals
voluntarily stop mating so that overcrowding does not occur.
E)
The incoming energy decreases in populations experiencing a high rate
of increase. | back 5 Density-dependent factors lead to fewer births and increased mortality. |
front 6 Which of the following could be a density-independent factor limiting
human population
growth?
A) social pressure for birth
control
B) earthquakes
C) plagues
D) famines
E) pollution | |
front 7 6) Which of the following best substantiates why location 3 is an
equatorial (tropical) climate?
A) It has a monsoon season during
the winter months.
B) It has consistent monthly averages for
rainfall.
C) The temperature is high for each monthly
average.
D) The temperatures reach 100°F during some
months.
E) The temperatures are lower in June, July, and August. | back 7 The temperature is high for each monthly average. |
front 8 Which statement best explains survivorship curve B?
A) It is
likely a species that provides little postnatal care, but lots of care
for offspring during
midlife, as indicated by increased
survivorship.
B) This curve is likely of a species that produces
lots of offspring, only a few of which are
expected to
survive.
C) It is likely a species where no individuals in the
cohort die when they are at 60-70% relative
age.
D) There
was a mass emigration of young to middle-aged individuals in this
cohort.
E) Survivorship can only decrease; therefore, this curve
could not happen in nature. | back 8 Survivorship can only decrease; therefore, this curve could not
happen in nature. |
front 9 What might be the adaptive significance of these unusual forests
growing the way they do in
this marginal habitat?
A) Needles
are adapted to withstand cold arctic temperatures.
B) Branches
are adapted to absorb more CO2 with this displaced alignment.
C)
Taproot formation is impossible, so trees developed shallow root beds
and easily tilt.
D) Trees are tilted so that snow won’t break
them or tip them over.
E) Trees tip so that they do not compete
with each other for sunlight. | back 9 Taproot formation is impossible, so trees developed shallow root beds
and easily tilt. |
front 10 Imagine that you are managing a large game ranch. You know from
historical accounts that a
species of deer used to live there,
but they have been extirpated. You decide to reintroduce
them.
After doing some research to determine what might be an
appropriately sized founding
population, you do so. You then
watch the population increase for several generations, and
graph
the number of individuals (vertical axis) against the
number of generations (horizontal axis). The
graph will likely
appear as
A) a diagonal line, getting higher with each
generation.
B) an "S," increasing with each
generation.
C) an upside-down "U."
D) a
"J," increasing with each generation.
E) an
"S" that ends with a vertical line. | back 10 a "J" increasing with each generation. |
front 11 Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with the
description of its climate?
A) savanna–low temperature,
precipitation uniform during the year
B) tundra–long summers,
mild winters
C) temperate broadleaf forest–relatively short
growing season, mild winters
D) temperate grasslands–relatively
warm winters, most rainfall in summer
E) tropical forests–nearly
constant day length and temperature | back 11 tropical forests–nearly constant day length and temperature |
front 12 A population's carrying capacity
A) may change as
environmental conditions change.
B) can be accurately calculated
using the logistic growth model.
C) generally remains constant
over time.
D) increases as the per capita growth rate (r)
decreases.
E) can never be exceeded. | back 12 may change as environmental conditions change. |
front 13 When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological
communities that are
analogous to the changes
A) in biomes
at different latitudes.
B) in different depths in the
ocean.
C) in a community through different seasons.
D) in an
ecosystem as it evolves over time.
E) across the United States
from east to west. | back 13 in biomes at different latitudes. |
front 14 According to the logistic growth equation
= r max N
A) the
number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close
to zero.
B) the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N
approaches K.
C) population growth is zero when N equals
K.
D) the population grows exponentially when K is small.
E)
the birth rate (b) approaches zero as N approaches K. | back 14 population growth is zero when N equals K. |
front 15 If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most
predictable effect would be
A) no more night and day.
B) a
big change in the length of the year.
C) winds blowing from west
to east along the equator.
D) a loss of seasonal variation at
high latitudes.
E) the elimination of ocean currents. | back 15 winds blowing from west to east along the equator. |