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30 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Tox exam 3

front 1

Tetrodotoxin is a serious neurotoxin that

back 1

  • interferes with sodium channels on excitable cells such as neurons.

front 2

TTX typically comes from puffer fish, which

back 2

is a delicacy in some cultures

front 3

Symptoms can include

back 3

paralysis starting from the extremities, then to the rest of the body, including respiratory muscles. Death may occur within 24 hours after exposure.

front 4

How BTX is considered a toxin

back 4

BTX binds to sodium channels and inhibits their ability to close

front 5

Physiological Impact of BTX

back 5

BTX can cause paralysis, seizures, unconsciousness, and even death

front 6

Is there a current antidote?

back 6

No but there is current research being done on this like Toxic sponges

front 7

OTA is a secondary

back 7

metabolite of Aspergillus ochraceus

front 8

OTA is a competitive inhibitor of

back 8

phenylalanine tRNA synthetase and thus inhibits protein synthesis

front 9

OTA induces carcinogenicity through a

back 9

two-pronged approach in which it increase ROS (free oxygen radicals) while inhibiting the Nrf2 pathway

front 10

Khat contains

back 10

cathinone and cathine

front 11

Route of exposure of Khat

back 11

oral ingestion through chewing on the leaves

front 12

Khat inhibits

back 12

monoamine oxidase

front 13

Understand why exogenous opioids are more effective than endogenous

back 13

Exogenous opioids are believed to have the ability to infiltrate the golgi apparatus in term making them more effective

front 14

LD50 for hydrocodone

back 14

375 mg/kg

front 15

Understand the difference between chronic and acute exposure to diazepam

back 15

Chronic- Diazepam is able to reverse the tolerance to hydrocodone making your ED50 lower

Acute- DIazepam has no significant effect on acute exposure

front 16

Where is asbestos commonly found

back 16

Commonly found in old buildings

front 17

Is there a safe exposure limit for asbestos

back 17

No safe level of exposure

front 18

What does exposure of asbestos lead to

back 18

Exposure leads to risks of cancer

front 19

Atropine is a competitive inhibitor to

back 19

acetylcholine, specifically for the acetylcholinesterase enzyme

front 20

Atropine is used as

back 20

an antidote for nerve gas

front 21

Eating one leaf of Atropine or 8-10 berries will

back 21

kill an adult and 2-3 berries will kill a child

front 22

Genotoxicity of radium

back 22

  • Direct: releases ions that directly diffuse into DNA causing DNA breaks
  • Indirect: Ions released induce ROS synthesis which damage DNA through double or single
    Stranded breaks

front 23

Discovery of radium

back 23

  • discovered by Maurie Curie who was the first woman to earn a nobel prize
    In physics for her discovery of Radium 1898

front 24

  • Ionizing radiation:

back 24

  • Alpha: travel a short distance no skin penetration
  • Beta: capable of small amounts of skin penetration
  • Gamma: penetrates tissues and can go right through you
  • All particles can cause significant damage to cells if inhaled or ingested

front 25

How long has toluene been used?

back 25

over 150 years

front 26

What is the most common source of toluene

back 26

traffic (cuz it is used in gas)

front 27

Where is toluene used

back 27

in everyday products

front 28

MeHg is ....

back 28

lipid soluble and accumulates in the brain

front 29

Can a child be born with MeHg?

back 29

Yes, even when the mother has no symptoms, due to active transport through the placenta

front 30

The international limit for mercury content in skincare products is

back 30

1 ppm