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52 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Ch 1

front 1

1) Brain abnormalities can be related to:
A) 500 disorders.
B) 1000 disorders.
C) 1500 disorders.
D) more than 2,000 disorders.

back 1

D

front 2

2) All the nerve processes radiating out beyond the brain and spinal cord as well as all the neurons outside the brain and spinal cord constitute the:
A) nervous system.
B) central nervous system.
C) peripheral nervous system.
D) external nervous system.

back 2

C

front 3

3 Which is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
A) sensory receptors in the skin
B) connections to motor neurons
C) sensory and motor connections to internal organs (e.g., the stomach)
D) the spinal cord

back 3

D

front 4

4)The set of brain structures responsible for most of our unconscious behaviors is called:
A) the cerebral hemisphere.
B) the brainstem.
C) the cerebrum.
D) the cerebellum

back 4

B

front 5

The postulation that we make subliminal movements of our larynx and muscles when we imagine was expounded by:
A) D. O. Hebb.
B) Edmond Jacobson.
C) Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt.
D) Fred Linge

back 5

B

front 6

Behavior consists of patterns in time” is a definition of behavior expounded by:
A) D. O. Hebb.
B) Edmond Jacobson.
C) Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt.
D) Fred Linge.

back 6

C

front 7

7. Patterns in time can be made up of:
A) movements.
B) thinking.
C) both movements and thinking.
D) neither movements nor thinking.

back 7

C

front 8

8. Animals with smaller brains and simpler nervous systems have mostly _____ behaviors, whereas animals with larger brains and more complex nervous systems have mostly _____ behaviors.
A) learned; inherited
B) inherited; learned
C) innate; inherited
D) learned; innate

back 8

B

front 9

Crossbill birds have a beak that is designed to eat pine cones. If we trim the beak, the behavior disappears. This example illustrates:
A) fixed behavior.
B) flexible behavior.
C) learned behavior.
D) adaptive behavior.

back 9

A

front 10

The sucking response observed in newborn human infants is an example of a(n):
A) learned response.
B) inherited response.
C) flexible response.
D) adaptive response

back 10

B

front 11

11. Which statement is the MOST accurate?
A) Nonhuman animals have mostly inherited behavior and are little influenced by
learning.
B) Humans share many inherited behaviors but are mostly influenced by learning.
C) Unlike nonhuman animals, humans share very few inherited behaviors and are
mostly influenced by learning.
D) Unlike nonhuman animals, humans' behavior is totally learned.

back 11

B

front 12

12. The hypothesis that the psyche is responsible for behavior was expounded by:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) René Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Socrates.

back 12

C

front 13

13. Mentalism is:
A) the study of the mind.
B) mental imagery.
C) the notion that the mind is responsible for behavior.
D) another word for mindfulness

back 13

C

front 14

14. The _____ is a nonmaterial entity that is responsible for intelligence, attention, awareness, and consciousness.
A) brain
B) heart
C) mind
D) conscience

back 14

C

front 15

15. The notion that the mind resides in the pineal body comes from:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) René Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Socrates.

back 15

B

front 16

16. According to the philosophy of dualism:
A) the body influences the mind.
B) the pineal body is the mind.
C)
D) the pineal body is the mind and influences the body by directing fluids from the ventricles to the muscles.

back 16

C

front 17

17. Subsequent research indicated that the pineal body was responsible for _____ rather than controlling human behavior.
A) vision
B) problem solving
C) movement
D) biological rhythms

back 17

D

front 18

18. The difficulty in explaining how a nonmaterial mind can influence a material body is called:
A) the mind problem.
B) the mind-body problem.
C) the brain problem.
D) the psyche problem

back 18

B

front 19

19. Descartes's followers would argue that:
A) the mind and the body are separate at birth.
B) humans and very few other animals have minds.
C) young children do not have minds.
D) the mentally ill have minds.

back 19

C

front 20

20. The notion that all behavior can be explained by the workings of the brain is commonly referred to as:
A) psychology.
B) experimentalism. C) materialism.
D) dualism.

back 20

C

front 21

21. The notion that all living things are related was put forward by:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) Alfred Russel Wallace.
C) neither Charles Darwin nor Alfred Russel Wallace.
D) both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

back 21

D

front 22

22. The notion that differential success in the reproduction of characteristics results from interactions between organisms and their environment is known as:
A) natural selection.
B) genetic theory.
C) biological theory.
D) innate behavior.

back 22

A

front 23

23. Images of blood flow in the brain in monkeys have demonstrated that:
A) humans and monkeys use different brain areas for language.
B) humans and monkeys use the same brain areas for language.
C) monkeys show no brain activation for language because they cannot understand
language.
D) None of the answers is correct.

back 23

B

front 24

24. Individual variation in plants and animals was first explained by:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) Gregor Mendel .
C) neither Charles Darwin nor Gregor Mendel.
D) both Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel.

back 24

B

front 25

25. The study of how genetic expression is related to the environment and experience is known as:
A) genotyping.
B) phenotyping.
C) epigenetics.
D) environmental genetics.

back 25

C

front 26

26. Neuroscientists study the nervous systems of other animals such as slugs, snails, fruit flies, rats and monkeys because:
A)
B) all animals' nervous systems are different, which means that we need to study each animal separately in order to understand how their specific nervous system works.
C) the mind and the body are separate which means that we need to study a variety of
different animals to see how their minds work.
D) None of the answers is correct.

back 26

A

front 27

27. Inherited behavior:
A) is demonstrated only by animal instincts.
B) includes emotional expressions in humans.
C) cannot include emotional expressions in humans because the be

back 27

B

front 28

28. Of the 100,000 people in the United States who may become comatose in a given year,
how many recover consciousness?
A) 5 percent
B) 20 percent
if all animals are related then all nervous systems are related and we can learn
about the human brain by studying other animals.
C) 30 percent D) 50 percent

back 28

B

front 29

29. A person who can display some rudimentary behaviors such as smiling or blinking but is otherwise not conscious is described as being:
A) in a coma.
B) in a persistent vegetative state.
C) in a minimally conscious state.
D) brain dead.

back 29

C

front 30

30. In a study with a patient in a minimally conscious state, Schiff and colleagues found that _____ led to dramatic improvements in the patient's behavior.
A) deep brain stimulation
B) reading to the patient
C) music therapy
D) gene therapy

back 30

A

front 31

31. The first humanlike brain evolved:
A) 700 million years ago.
B) 250 million years ago.
C) 6 million years ago.
D) 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.

back 31

C

front 32

32. The first brain evolved approximately:
A) 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
B) 3 million to 4 million years ago.
C) 250 million years ago.
D) 700 million years ago.

back 32

C

front 33

33. Humans are of the order ____ and the family_____.
A) mammals; primates
B) primates; mammals
C) primates; great apes
D) great apes; primates

back 33

C

front 34

34. Which sequences is correct?
A) phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
B) phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
C) phylum, class, family, order, genus, species
D) phylum, family, class, order, genus, species

back 34

B

front 35

35. The branch of biology that is concerned with naming and classifying species is:
A) genetics.
B) embryology.
C) taxonomy.
D) evolutionary biology.

back 35

C

front 36

36. Humans, monkeys, Neanderthals, and chimpanzees—all belong to the same: A) species.
B) genus. C) family. D) order.

back 36

D

front 37

37. Humans, tigers, dogs, and monkeys are all part of the same: A) species.
B) class. C) genus. D) family.

back 37

B

front 38

38. Insects have:
A) only nerve nets.
B) only a few ganglia.
C) enough ganglia to be called a brain.
D) the same brain organization as a chordate.

back 38

C

front 39

39. The correct order of organisms from the least complex to the most complex nervous system is:
A) flatworm, frog, squid, sea anemone.
B) sea anemone, frog, flatworm, squid.
C) sea anemone, flatworm, squid, frog.
D) frog, sea anemone, squid, flatworm.

back 39

C

front 40

40. Animals with both a brain and a spinal cord are called: A) mammals.
B) eukaryotic. C) primates. D) chordates.

back 40

D

front 41

41. Humans are unique in that they have the:
A) largest brain of any animal species.
B) most complex spinal cord of any animal species.
C) largest brain to body size ratio of any living animal.
D) most advanced nervous system of any living animal.

back 41

C

front 42

42. More advanced nervous systems often have similar structures on the left and right sides (e.g., the left and right hemispheres of the brain). This concept is known as:
A) mirroring.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) bilateral structures.
D) mirror symmetry.

back 42

B

front 43

43. A notochord is a:
A) spinal cord and a brain.
B) longitudinal flexible rod in the back.
C) segmented spine.
D) segmented spine and spinal cord.

back 43

B

front 44

44. Chordates are any organisms that have:
A) a brain.
B) a spinal cord.
C) a peripheral nervous system.
D) a brain and a spinal cord.

back 44

D

front 45

45. The correct order of the evolution of nervous systems from simple to complex is:
A) nerve net, segmentation, ganglia, spinal cord, brain.
B) spinal cord, nerve net, brain, ganglia, segmentation.
C) brain, spinal cord, nerve net, segmentation, ganglia.
D) ganglia, nerve net, segmentation, brain, spinal cord.

back 45

A

front 46

46. Other than humans, which chordate has the largest forebrain?
A) reptiles
B) amphibians
C) birds
D) bony fish

back 46

C

front 47

47. Increased brain size and increased folding are most prominent in which chordate species?
A) dolphins
B) primates
C) neither primates nor dolphins
D) both primates and dolphins

back 47

D

front 48

48. The primate order contains approximately:
A) 275 species.
B) 375 species.
C) 475 species.
D) 575 species.

back 48

A

front 49

49. Humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor approximately:
A) 2–4 million years ago.
B) 3–6 million years ago.
C) 5–10 million years ago.
D) 10-15 million years ago.

back 49

C

front 50

50. Humans are most closely related to: A) gibbons.
B) orangutans. C) chimpanzees. D) gorillas.

back 50

C

front 51

51. The first primate to walk upright similar to humans was:
A) Homo erectus.
B) Homo habilis.
C) Neanderthals.
D) Australopithecus.

back 51

D

front 52

52. The correct order of these early hominids from smallest to largest brain size is:
A) Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalensis.
B) Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis.
C) Homo neanderthalensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus.
D) Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus.

back 52

B