front 1 Sensory Memory | back 1 the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
front 2 Iconic Memory | back 2 momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli |
front 3 Selective Attention | back 3 ability to focus memory on individual stimulus |
front 4 Echoic Memory | back 4 a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |
front 5 Chunking | back 5 organizing items into familiar, manageable units |
front 6 Mnemonic Devices | back 6 memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
front 7 Rehesarsal | back 7 the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
front 8 Episodic Memory | back 8 portion of LTM that stores personally experienced events |
front 9 Semantic Memory | back 9 portion of LTM that stores general facts and information |
front 10 Procedural Memory | back 10 portion of LTM that stores information relating to skills,habits, and other perceptual-motor tasks |
front 11 Explicit Memories | back 11 memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare |
front 12 Implicit Memories | back 12 retention independent of conscious recollection |
front 13 Eidetic Memory | back 13 ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something someone has seen |
front 14 Retrieval | back 14 the process of getting information out of memory storage |
front 15 Recognition | back 15 a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned |
front 16 Recall | back 16 a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier |
front 17 Primacy Effect/Recency Effect | back 17 tendency to remember items at beginning or end of list |
front 18 Serial Position Effect | back 18 the tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
front 19 Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon | back 19 a temporary inability to remember something accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach |
front 20 Flashbulb Memories | back 20 a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
front 21 State-dependent Memory | back 21 the impact of a physiological state on recall |
front 22 Mood Congruent Memory | back 22 the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood |
front 23 Relearning Effect | back 23 a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time |
front 24 Retroactive Interference | back 24 newly learned material interferes with previously learned material |
front 25 Proactive Interference | back 25 previously learned information interferes with newly learned information |
front 26 Anterograde Amnesia | back 26 loss of ability to create new memories after the event that causes the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long term memories from before the event remain inapt. |
front 27 Retrograde Amnesia | back 27 loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past. |
front 28 Phonemes | back 28 basic sound units |
front 29 Morphemes | back 29 smallest meaningful units of speech; simple words, suffixes, prefixes |
front 30 Syntax | back 30 system of rules that governs how words are combined/arranged to form meaningful phrases and sentences; determined by word order |
front 31 Overgeneralization | back 31 process of extending the application of a rule to items that are excluded from i |
front 32 Language Acquisition Device | back 32 hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children's innate predisposition for language acquisition. First proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1960s, the LAD concept is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language |
front 33 Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis | back 33 way people think is strongly affected by their native languages; Sapir and Worf |
front 34 Prototypes | back 34 objects or events that best represent a natural concept |
front 35 Heuristic | back 35 problem-solving strategy; mental shortcut |
front 36 Representative Heuristic | back 36 mental shortcut that involves people deciding whether an example belongs in a certain class on the basis of how similar it is to other items in that class |
front 37 Belief Bias | back 37 endency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion |
front 38 Functional Fixedness | back 38 the inability to use objects in new ways |
front 39 Convergent/Divergent Thinking | back 39 convergent-only one answer; answers are narrow in focus; divergent-thinking outside the box; generating as many unique answers as possible |
front 40 Availability Heuristic | back 40 mental shortcut that involves making decisions on the basis of information that is available in a person's immediate consciousness. |
front 41 Albert Bandura | back 41 Bodo dolls; observational learning |
front 42 George Spearling | back 42 sensory and iconic memory |
front 43 Hermann Ebbinghaus | back 43 memory, nonsense syllables-learning and forgetting curves |
front 44 Memory | back 44 Learning that persisted over time, information that has been stored and can be retrieved. |
front 45 Parallel Processing | back 45 The brain's ability to make sense of several different incoming stimuli at the same time |