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22 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

AP Bio Module 42 +43

front 1

phenotypic variation

back 1

differences of observable traits from organisms in a species

front 2

genotypic variation

back 2

differences in the DNA sequence among individuals of a species

front 3

sources of genetic variation

back 3

mutations and recombinations

front 4

mutation

back 4

generates new variations in DNA sequences

front 5

recombinations

back 5

shuffle existing variations to make new combinations

front 6

somatic mutation

back 6

affects only the cells descended from the cell in which the mutation originally arose, affects individuals not passed to offspring

front 7

germ-line mutations

back 7

occur in productive cells, passed on to the next generations

front 8

point mutation

back 8

one base pair is replaced by a different base pair

front 9

duplication mutation

back 9

segment of DNA is repeated

front 10

deletion

back 10

segment of DNA removed

front 11

transposable elements

back 11

DNA sequence that can jump from one place to another

front 12

allele frequency

back 12

the number of allele x present in the population divided by the total number of alleles of that gene; patterns of genetic variation

front 13

genotype frequency

back 13

proportion of each genotype at a particular gene or set of genes

front 14

genetic drift

back 14

random change in allele frequencies from generation to generation

front 15

bottleneck

back 15

when a large population is reduced to just a few individuals

front 16

founder effect

back 16

occurs when a few individuals from a larger population establish a new population

front 17

migrations

back 17

movement of individuals from one population to another

front 18

gene flow

back 18

the movement of alleles from one population to another

front 19

mutation

back 19

source of genetic variation and a mechanism of evolution

front 20

nonrandom mating

back 20

individuals preferentially choose mates according to their genotypes

front 21

hardy Weinberg equilibrium

back 21

occurs when the genetic makeup of a population does not change over time

front 22

null hypothesis

back 22

a hypothesis that states that nothing is occurring