U.S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that:
a. free trade was essential to a nation's economic health.
b. control of the sea was the key to world domination.
c. the United States should continue its policy of isolationism.
d. an isthmian canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific was impossible.
e. the U.S. should construct a fleet of battleships.

B

The numerous near-wars and diplomatic crises of the U.S. in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrated:
a. the hostile reaction to American expansionism.
b. that other nations were jealous of American power.
c. how weak America seemed to the rest of the world.
d. the failure of the Monroe Doctrine.
e. the aggressive new national mood.

E

To justify American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, Secretary of State Olney invoked the:
a. Platt Amendment.
b. Open Door policy.
c. Monroe Doctrine.
d. Foraker Act.
e. Gentlemen's Agreement.

C

During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the US:
a. threatened war unless Britain backed down and accepted Venezuela's claim.
b. failed to invoke the Monroe Doctrine.
c. sought a peaceful negotiated settlement.
d. asserted its strong belief in Latin American independence.
e. was only "twisting the [British] lion's tail" for domestic political effect.

A

One reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was:
a. that their growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States.
b. that they expected the Monroe Doctrine to be ruled invalid in the World Court.
c. to end their costly involvement in South America.
d. to undermine Spain's close relations with the Latin American republics.
e. that they accepted America's complete domination of Latin America.

A

The Venezuela boundary dispute was settled by:
a. a brief war between Venezuela and British Guiana.
b. British concession of the disputed territory to Venezuela.
c. stationing United States marines along the disputed border.
d. arbitration of the Venezuelan and British claims.
e. the mediation of Brazil and Colombia.

D

As a result of the settlement of the Venezuelan and boundary dispute:
a. the Monroe Doctrine was weakened
b. Venezuela gained the bulk of the disputed territory
c. British and American relations steadily worsened until World War I
d. Latin American nations were pleased by the determination of the United States to protect them

D

Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because:
a. she did not allow Christian missionaries in her country.
b. many Hawaiians found her rule corrupt.
c. Hawaiian agriculture had failed under her leadership.
d. President Grover Cleveland believed that U.S. national honor required control of the Hawaiian government.
e. she opposed annexation to the United States and insisted that native Hawaiians should continue to control Hawaii

E

Which of the following prominent Americans was least enthusiastic about U.S. imperialistic adventures in the 1890s?
a. Theodore Roosevelt.
b. William Randolph Hearst.
c. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
d. William McKinley.
e. Grover Cleveland

E

The question of the annexation of __________________ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in American history.
a. Hawaii
b. Cuba
c. Haiti
d. Puerto Rico
e. The Philippines

A

President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because:
a. he wanted to protect the interests of Louisiana sugar producers.
b. the United States did not have the naval power to protect the islands against Japanese or German threats.
c. he believed that the native Hawaiians had been wronged and that a majority opposed annexation to the United States.
d. passage of the McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar unprofitable.
e. the U.S. would then have to establish military bases in Hawaii.

C

In an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the U.S. to help Cuba to gain its independence, Cuban insurrectos:
a. attacked Spanish shipping on the high seas.
b. blew up the battleship Maine.
c. made guerilla raids on Havana.
d. began assassinating Spanish officials.
e. adopted a scorched-earth policy of burning cane fields and sugar mills.

E

Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except:
a. popular outrage at the Spanish use of reconcentration camps.
b a belief that Spain's control of Cuba violated the anti-colonial provisions of the Monroe Doctrine.
c. fear that Spanish misrule in Cuba menaced the Gulf of Mexico and the route to the proposed Panama Canal.
d. sympathy for Cuban patriots fighting for their freedom.
e. the atrocity stories reported in the "yellow press."

B

The battleship Maine was sent to Cuba to:
a. provoke a war with Spain.
b. protect and evacuate American citizens.
c. offer a way for Cuban rebels to escape to Florida.
d. stop rioting by the Cuban rebels.
e. demonstrate American power to Spain.

B

The battleship Maine was sunk by:
a. the Spanish.
b. an explosion on the ship.
c. Cuban rebels.
d. reporters working for William Randolph Hearst.
e. a mine planted by pro-Cuban Americans.

B

President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the:
a. business community favored the conflict.
b. Spanish government had directly insulted him.
c. justice of obtaining Cuban independence was clear.
d. Teller Amendment had been passed.
e. American people demanded it.

E

The U.S. declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to:
a. sign an armistice with the Cuban rebels.
b. accept Cuban independence.
c. transfer Cuba to American possession.
d. apologize for the sinking of the Maine.
e. accept international arbitration of the conflict.

A

The Teller Amendment:
a. guaranteed that the United States would uphold the independence of Cuba.
b. made Cuba an American possession.
c. directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba.
d. appropriated funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba.
e. granted the U.S. a permanent base at Guantanamo Bay.

A

American military strength during the Spanish American War came mainly from:
a. its large army.
b. overwhelming European support.
c. battle-hardened army generals.
d. its efficient logistical support.
e. its new steel navy.

E

A major weakness of Spain in the Spanish American War was:
a. the lack of support from its European allies.
b. the wretched condition of its navy.
c. its very small army in Cuba.
d. its unpreparedness to fight in a tropical climate.
e. its inability to wage guerilla war.

B

The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and U.S. occupation was:
a. Valeriano Weyler.
b. Emilio Aguinaldo.
c. Dupuy de Lome.
d. Pasqual de Cervera.
e. Ramon Macapagal.

B

When the U.S. captured the Philippines from Spain:
a. Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the Pacific.
b. America granted the Philippines its independence.
c. Spain immediately asked for an end to the Spanish-American War.
d. Filipinos were granted American citizenship.
e. they did so without Filipino assistance.

A

The 'Rough Riders,' organized principally by Teddy Roosevelt:
a. were a well-disciplined fighting force.
b. were trained in guerilla warfare.
c. managed to take San Juan Hill unassisted.
d. consisted primarily of Roosevelt's upper-class friends.
e. were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood.

E

During the Spanish American War, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of:
a. Havana.
b. Santiago.
c. Guantanamo.
d. Samoa.
e. Manila Bay.

B

When the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish American War:
a. the army encountered stiff resistance from the Spanish.
b. the resulting battle ended the war.
c. most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes.
d. heavy fighting occurred in the harbor at San Juan.
e. its intentions were to grant Puerto Rican independence.

C

The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish American War resulted from:
a. naval battles in the Caribbean.
b. the war in the Philippines.
c. land battles in the Cuban campaign.
d. sickness in both Cuba and the United States.
e. the bungling of unprofessional military volunteers

D

At the time, the most controversial event associated with the Spanish American War was the:
a. declaration of war against Spain.
b. adoption of the Teller Amendment.
c. adoption of the Platt Amendment.
d. acquisition of the Philippines.
e. acquisition of Puerto Rico.

D

All of the following became possessions of the U.S. under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris except:
a. Puerto Rico.
b. Guam.
c. the Philippine Islands.
d. Hawaii.
e. Manila.

D

President McKinley justified American acquisition of the Philippines primarily by emphasizing that
a. the Filipinos wanted to be annexed by the United States.
b. the electoral success of the Republican party depended on their acquisition.
c. the United States would gain key naval bases there.
d. the Philippines were spoils of war and America's by right of conquest.
e. there was no acceptable alternative to their acquisition.

E

American imperialists who advocated acquisition of the Philippines especially stressed:
a. their strategic advantage for American naval operations.
b. their economic potential for American businessmen seeking trade with China and other Asian nations.
c. the opportunity that they presented for Christian missionary work.
d. the Filipinos' own preference that their archipelago become an American protectorate.
e. their potential as a military base for defense of the Pacific.

B

Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that:
a. it would violate the consent of the governed philosophy of the Declaration of Independence.
b. despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home.
c. the islands were still rightfully Spain's, since they were taken after the armistice had been signed.
d. annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of the Far East.
e. the Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule.

C

Starting in 1917, many Puerto Ricans came to the mainland U.S. seeking:
a. independence.
b. political refuge.
c. to learn English.
d. citizenship.
e. employment.

E

On the question of whether American laws applied to the overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court ruled that
a. American laws did not necessarily apply.
b. only the President's rulings counted and Congress had no voice in the matter.
c. federal but not state laws applied.
d. only tariff laws could be forced.
e. only the Bill of Rights applied.

A

The U.S. gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the:
a. insular cases.
b. Platt Amendment.
c. Teller Amendment.
d. Foraker Act.
e. Guantanamo Bay Treaty.

B

By acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the Spanish American War, the U.S:
a. assumed rule over millions of Asian people.
b. became a full-fledged East Asian power.
c. assumed commitments that would be difficult to defend.
d. developed popular support for a big navy.
e. all of the above.

E

Arrange the following events in chronological order (A) American declaration of war on Spain, (B) sinking of the Maine, (C) passage of the Teller Amendment, (D) passage of the Platt Amendment:
a. A, B, D, C
b. D, C, B, A
c. B, A, D, C
d. B, A, C, D
e. C, D, A, B

D

The clash between Germany and America over the Samoan islands eventually resulted in
a. a small naval war between the two emerging powers.
b. a colonial division of the islands between Germany and the United States.
c. complete independence for all of Samoa.
d. the intervention of Japan to prevent a German-American war.
e. a new American doctrine opposing any colonialism in the Pacific.

B

One reason that the white American "sugar lords" tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was
a. they found the government of Queen Liliuokalani repressive and inefficient.
b. they sought to control American foreign policy in the Pacific.
c. they wanted to convert the native Hawaiians and East Asian immigrants to Christianity.
d. they feared that Japan might intervene in Hawaii on behalf of abused Japanese imported laborers.
e. they intended to force the growing native Hawaiian population to become indentured plantation laborers.

D

Before a treaty annexing Hawaii to the United States could be rushed through the U.S. Senate in 1893,
a. President Harrison's term expired and anti-imperialist Grover Cleveland became president.
b. war broke out between the United States and Spain.
c. the white American "sugar rebels" decided that Hawaii should remain independent.
d. popular opinion in the United States turned against such colonial ventures.
e. the pro-annexation forces demanded that Hawaii be admitted to the Union as a state.

A