front 1 environmental variation | back 1 variation among individuals is sometimes due to differences in the environment |
front 2 evolutionary/phylogenetic tree | back 2 models the process of evolution as a branching tree w/ a common trunk balances that split off |
front 3 descent w/ modification | back 3 evolutionary changes that have accumulated over time since 2 groups split from each other |
front 4 nodes | back 4 points where one species splits into 2 |
front 5 genetic variation | back 5 when genetic material is transmitted from the parents to offspring |
front 6 evolution | back 6 a change in the genetic makeup of a population from one generation to the next |
front 7 root | back 7 the base of the tree, representing the common ancestor of all the groups |
front 8 selective pressure | back 8 describes the full set of environmental conditions, both biotic and abiotic, that allow some organisms to survive and reproduce better than others |
front 9 natural selection | back 9 how population changes over time, but also how they become exquisitely adapted to their environment |
front 10 tree of life | back 10 evolutionary tree of all organisms and has three major branches: bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes |
front 11 alleles | back 11 different forms of a gene |
front 12 disruptive selection | back 12 operates in favor of extremes and against intermediates |
front 13 dirctional selection | back 13 leads to a change in a trait in a population overtime |
front 14 stabilizing selection | back 14 acts against extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate phenotypes |
front 15 new mutations | back 15 harmful and eliminated by natural selection, NO long term evolutionary impact |
front 16 neutral mutations | back 16 does NOT affect survival and reproduction |
front 17 beneficial mutations | back 17 common and result in adaptation to the environment |
front 18 convergent evolution | back 18 process where 2 different species evolve similar traits in response to similar selective pressures |
front 19 vertebrates | back 19 animals like us that have skulls |
front 20 entomologist | back 20 a scientist who studies insects |
front 21 biodiversity | back 21 biological diversity |
front 22 1st darwin postulate | back 22 members of a species vary from one another |
front 23 2nd Darwin Postulate | back 23 some phenotype variation is heritable or passed on to the next generation |
front 24 3rd Darwin postulate | back 24 states that in nature, organisms frequently compete for resources |
front 25 4th Darwin Postulate | back 25 states that variations that increase survival and reproduction will be passed on to individuals in the next generation |
front 26 intra-sexual | back 26 sexual selection focuses on interactions between 1 sex |
front 27 inter-sexual | back 27 selection focuses on interactions between male and females |
front 28 sexual selection | back 28 form of selection that promotes traits that increase an individuals ability to find and attract mates |
front 29 fitness | back 29 ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in the environment in which it lives |
front 30 on the origin of species | back 30 book that brought evolution, natural selection, and adaption to public attention |
front 31 artificial selection | back 31 process where humans select for traits |
front 32 adaptations | back 32 traits of organisms that closely fit their environments |