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hmvmt exam 2

front 1

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about "steady state" postural control during normal symmetrical quiet stance?

back 1

Muscles throughout the body are both tonically and phasically active during quiet stance

front 2

A person standing on a moveable platform would recover anteriorposterior stability after a backward platform movement by activating bilateral lower limb musculature in which order?

back 2

gastrocnemius, hamstrings, paraspinal

front 3

A person standing on a moveable platform would recover anteriorposterior stability after a forward platform movement by activating bilateral lower limb musculature in which order?

back 3

tibialis anterior, quads, RA

front 4

When subjects are exposed to gradually increased platform perturbation velocities they:

back 4

Continue to increase forces applied at the ankles as the velocities increases and add forces at the hips

front 5

Which of the following brain centers contribute to the regulation of postural tone and automatic postural strategies?

back 5

Brainstem nuclei

front 6

What is the major risk for falls among all patients with neurologic pathology?

back 6

Impaired balance

front 7

Which of the following is a common postural strategy for individuals with neurologic deficits?

back 7

activation of the muscles on both anterior and posterior aspect of the body

front 8

7. The ability to modify postural responses with practice is referred to as:

back 8

postural adaptation

front 9

8. What are the three requirements for successful locomotion?

back 9

progression, postural control, adaptation

front 10

9.Which of the following statements best describes postural orientation?

back 10

the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and the environment

front 11

10. Why is lateral stepping strategy often ineffective in response to lateral translation for individual with Parkinson's disease?

back 11

they lack anticipatory lateral weight shift in response to lateral translation

front 12

Using an ankle-foot orthosis to control spasticity and ankle position can result in:

back 12

increased use of hip and trunk muscles for postural control

front 13

12 A client exhibits drifting to the left and right sides with occasional stumbling only when walking in the sand without an assistive device. This client is most likely:

back 13

somatosensory dependent

front 14

13. The "posture first strategy" refers to the prioritization of:

back 14

balance tasks over a secondary task under dual task conditions

front 15

When recovering stance balance from sagittal-plane instability of varying amplitudes and velocities, normal individuals will:

back 15

quickly shift from one postural movement strategy to another depending on the perturbation characteristics.

front 16

Which of the following statements best describes postural orientation?

back 16

The ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and between the body and the environment.

front 17

How many sensory inputs are researchers suggesting play a role in the recovery of stability after an unexpected perturbation?

back 17

three

front 18

The key variable that is controlled by the postural control system is:

back 18

center of mass

front 19

Which of the following statements is true about the sensory weighting hypothesis?

back 19

It predicts that changes in postural responses in different sensory conditions are due to changes in the weighting of sensory inputs.

front 20

According to researchers, when subjects are exposed to gradually increased platform perturbation velocities, they:

back 20

continue to increase forces applied at the ankles as the velocity increases and add forces at the hips.

front 21

Research has shown that leg muscles are __________ during anticipatory postural adjustments in advance of voluntary reaching while sitting.

back 21

consistently active

front 22

Which of the following senses contributes to the gravitoinertial frame of reference for postural control?

back 22

To recover from balance threats, adults tend to rely primarily on:

front 23

When a client is able to modify sensory and motor systems in response to changing environmental demands, this is referred to as:

back 23

adaptive postural control

front 24

Dual-task research has shown that attentional requirements for postural control:

back 24

resignificant

front 25

What does the research suggest about "steady state" postural control during normal symmetrical quiet stance?

back 25

Muscles throughout the body are both tonically and phasically active during quiet stance.

front 26

Which of the following senses contributes to the gravitoinertial frame of reference for postural control?

back 26

vestibular

front 27

The ability to modify postural responses with practice is referred to as:

back 27

postural adaptation

front 28

The "posture-first strategy" refers to the prioritization of:

back 28

balance tasks over a secondary task under dual task conditions.

front 29

Using an ankle-foot orthosis to control spasticity and ankle position can result in:

back 29

increased use of hip and trunk muscles for postural control

front 30

Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for retraining reactive balance control?

back 30

Standing on a moving platform while receiving multiple forward and backward perturbations

front 31

Which of the following tasks could be used by a physical therapist to examine anticipatory strategies?

back 31

rapidly lifting a heavy object off of the floor

front 32

Which of the following tasks would be an appropriate initial activity when beginning balance training with a very unstable patient?

back 32

Supported upright sitting on a flat firm surface in a closed environment

front 33

A patient reports that he is unstable and may experience a loss of balance when leaning over to pick up something from the floor. Hypothetically, what is the patient most likely having difficulty with?

back 33

impaired anticipatory responses

front 34

What is the ultimate goal of task-oriented balance rehabilitation?

back 34

To improve the ability to participate in social roles that are important in the daily life of the patient

front 35

For a client to develop sensory strategies associated with task-oriented balance rehabilitation the client must be able to:

back 35

organize and select the most appropriate sensory input for postural control.

front 36

75 year old female fall while carrying a large bag of groceries up four stairs. this fall most likely is attributed to a

back 36

diminished anticipatory postural responses

front 37

What is the reported standing posture of elderly individuals with a fear of falling?

back 37

They tend to stand with the center of mass displaced anteriorly.