Which of the following brain centers contribute to the regulation of postural tone and automatic postural strategies?

Brainstem nuclei

What is the major risk for falls among all patients with neurologic pathology?

Impaired balance

Which of the following is a common postural strategy for individuals with neurologic deficits?

activation of the muscles on both anterior and posterior aspect of the body

7. The ability to modify postural responses with practice is referred to as:

postural adaptation

8. What are the three requirements for successful locomotion?

progression, postural control, adaptation

9.Which of the following statements best describes postural orientation?

the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and the environment

10. Why is lateral stepping strategy often ineffective in response to lateral translation for individual with Parkinson's disease?

they lack anticipatory lateral weight shift in response to lateral translation

Using an ankle-foot orthosis to control spasticity and ankle position can result in:

increased use of hip and trunk muscles for postural control

12 A client exhibits drifting to the left and right sides with occasional stumbling only when walking in the sand without an assistive device. This client is most likely:

somatosensory dependent

13. The "posture first strategy" refers to the prioritization of:

balance tasks over a secondary task under dual task conditions

When recovering stance balance from sagittal-plane instability of varying amplitudes and velocities, normal individuals will:

quickly shift from one postural movement strategy to another depending on the perturbation characteristics.

Which of the following statements best describes postural orientation?

The ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and between the body and the environment.

How many sensory inputs are researchers suggesting play a role in the recovery of stability after an unexpected perturbation?

three

The key variable that is controlled by the postural control system is:

center of mass

Which of the following statements is true about the sensory weighting hypothesis?

It predicts that changes in postural responses in different sensory conditions are due to changes in the weighting of sensory inputs.

According to researchers, when subjects are exposed to gradually increased platform perturbation velocities, they:

continue to increase forces applied at the ankles as the velocity increases and add forces at the hips.

Research has shown that leg muscles are __________ during anticipatory postural adjustments in advance of voluntary reaching while sitting.

consistently active

Which of the following senses contributes to the gravitoinertial frame of reference for postural control?

To recover from balance threats, adults tend to rely primarily on:

When a client is able to modify sensory and motor systems in response to changing environmental demands, this is referred to as:

adaptive postural control

Dual-task research has shown that attentional requirements for postural control:

resignificant

What does the research suggest about "steady state" postural control during normal symmetrical quiet stance?

Muscles throughout the body are both tonically and phasically active during quiet stance.

Which of the following senses contributes to the gravitoinertial frame of reference for postural control?

vestibular

The ability to modify postural responses with practice is referred to as:

postural adaptation

The "posture-first strategy" refers to the prioritization of:

balance tasks over a secondary task under dual task conditions.

Using an ankle-foot orthosis to control spasticity and ankle position can result in:

increased use of hip and trunk muscles for postural control

Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for retraining reactive balance control?

Standing on a moving platform while receiving multiple forward and backward perturbations

Which of the following tasks could be used by a physical therapist to examine anticipatory strategies?

rapidly lifting a heavy object off of the floor

Which of the following tasks would be an appropriate initial activity when beginning balance training with a very unstable patient?

Supported upright sitting on a flat firm surface in a closed environment

A patient reports that he is unstable and may experience a loss of balance when leaning over to pick up something from the floor. Hypothetically, what is the patient most likely having difficulty with?

impaired anticipatory responses

What is the ultimate goal of task-oriented balance rehabilitation?

To improve the ability to participate in social roles that are important in the daily life of the patient

For a client to develop sensory strategies associated with task-oriented balance rehabilitation the client must be able to:

organize and select the most appropriate sensory input for postural control.

75 year old female fall while carrying a large bag of groceries up four stairs. this fall most likely is attributed to a

diminished anticipatory postural responses

What is the reported standing posture of elderly individuals with a fear of falling?

They tend to stand with the center of mass displaced anteriorly.