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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

33 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The muscular system

front 1

what are the functions of the muscular system?

back 1

Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, generates heat.

front 2

the ability to respond to a stimulus

back 2

Excitability

front 3

The ability to shorten when stimulated

back 3

Contractability

front 4

the ability to lengthen or stretch, even past their original shape

back 4

Extensibility

front 5

the ability to recoil or bounce back to the original shape and length after being stretched

back 5

Elasticity

front 6

connects to bones

Cylindrical
• Striated (muscle
fibers have stripes)
• Multinucleated
• Voluntarily
controlled
• Contracts slowly or
very quickly

back 6

skeletal muscle

front 7

Found in heart
• Branched
• Striated
• Uninucleated
• Involuntarily
controlled
• Mostly slow and
steady contractions except during short periods of activity

back 7

Cardiac Muscle

front 8

Found in walls of internal organs (ex: stomach)
• Arranged in uniform layers
• Nonstriated
• Uninucleated
• Involuntarily
controlled
• Slow contractions,
sustained for long periods of time

back 8

smooth muscle

front 9

Skeletal muscle is attached to bone by tendons

-Made of many bundles of fibers

back 9

Muscle

front 10

Bundles within muscles

back 10

Fascicle

front 11

Long, thin muscle cells

-Each is covered by sarcoplasmic reticulum, which transmit an impulse to the muscle fiber

back 11

Muscle Fiber

front 12

-Thread-like organelles of the muscle fibers

-Structured in long, striated units called sarcomeres

back 12

MyoFibril

front 13

2 types of filaments: actin (thin) & myosin (thick) make up the sliding filament model of the muscle

-Responsible for contracting activity of muscle fibers

back 13

Myofilaments

front 14

the membrane that covers the whole muscle

back 14

Epimysium

front 15

membrane that covers a fascicle

back 15

Perimysium

front 16

membrane that covers an individual muscle fiber

back 16

Endomysium

front 17

space between two Z-lines

back 17

sarcomere

front 18

____ and ____ filaments work together to produce a muscle contraction.

back 18

Actin; Myosin

front 19

• Nerve impulses are sent to the muscle fibers to begin contraction.
• Myosin filaments have rounded extensions called heads. These heads attach to the twisted actin filaments and pull on them. The Z-lines get closer together, and the sarcomere gets shorter.

back 19

sliding filament theory

front 20

energy required for the sliding filament theory

back 20

ATP

front 21

ATP is formed through ___ ____.

back 21

Cellular respiration

front 22

Cellular respiration depends on the presence of ______.

back 22

oxygen

front 23

Step one of muscle fatigue

muscles are worked strenuously and the glucose supply is exhausted.

back 23

Intense Exercise

front 24

Step two of muscle fatigue

ATP is no longer efficiently being used for cross-bridges

back 24

Muscle Fatigue

front 25

Step three of muscle fatigue:

Muscles begin to burn, causing you to stop exercising before cells are injured

back 25

Anaerobic Respiration

front 26

Step four of muscle fatigue

A difference occurs between the amount of oxygen available and the amount required and you are “out of breath”

back 26

Oxygen Debt

front 27

Muscles are attached to bones by ____.

back 27

tendons

front 28

The attachment of the tendon to the more stationary bone is called the _____.

back 28

origin

front 29

The attachment to the more movable bone is called the ______.

back 29

insertion

front 30

the middle of the muscle

back 30

belly

front 31

muscle doing the action

back 31

prime mover

front 32

muscles that help in that same direction

back 32

synergists

front 33

opposing muscle relaxing during motion

back 33

Antagonist