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dimentpharmjoint

front 1 WHAT IS DEMENTIA?	back 1 • Syndrome of brain disorders • Slowly ↓ memory & reasoning • Erodes independence • Impairment in cognition that impairs ability to function on a daily basis
front 2 Rising Tide of Dementia	back 2 • 1 in 4 require assistance with ADLs • 1 in 4 exhibit behaviors • 1 in 4 experience symptoms of depression • 1 in 4 hospitalized over 3 months • 1 in 5 visit emergency over 3 month • Results in great personal strain for those with dementia & their caregivers • 55% Canadians with dementia live at home • Causes > disability than other diseases • Severe financial burden for family & caregivers ($10.4 billion out of pocket expenses) • Caregiver stress → ↓ health
front 3 Reducing the Risk	back 3 • Diet • Physical activity • Assess & manage hearing loss • Sleep • Manage sleep apnea • Avoid sleep deprivation • Good sleep hygiene • Increase or maintain engagement in cognitively stimulating exercises • Social engagement • Minimize exposure to anticholinergic medications • Annual influenza vaccination
front 4 MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT NOT DEMENTIA	back 4 • ↓ cognition • Usually memory • Executive function preserved • Maintains ability to carry out IADLs

front 5 Types of Dementia	back 5 dementia=umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life -alzheimers -lewy body -vascular -frontal temporal -others(parkinsons, huntingtons) -mixed dementias
front 6 Pathobiology Hypotheses of dementia	back 6 -cholinergic hypothesis -beta-amyloid hypothesis -tau hypothesis Additional Hypotheses • Inflammatory • Oxidative stress • Serotonergic • others
front 7 -cholinergic hypothesis	back 7 suggests that a dysfunction of acetylcholine containing neurons in the brain contributes substantially to the cognitive decline observed in those with advanced age and Alzheimer's disease (AD)
front 8 -beta-amyloid hypothesis	back 8 beta amyloids come together to form Plaques (waste prodt accumulation) • Block neurotransmission • Promote inflammation → neuron death • Weaken blood vessels • Initiates phosphorylation of tau proteins

front 9

tau -hypothesis

back 9

abnormal agregation of tau proteins which leads to formation of tangles with nerve cells in the brain, in a normal brain tau proteins help to lengthen and support microtubule structure-wic transport nutrients and information molecules throughout the nueron.