front 1 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | back 1 A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). People with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at an increased risk for developing certain cancers and for infections that usually occur only in individuals with a weak immune system (National Cancer Institute, n.d.) |
front 2 Anaphylaxis | back 2 An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen. |
front 3 Anemia | back 3 A condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is deficient. |
front 4 Aneurys | back 4 Weakening of the wall of a blood vessel, causing it to thin and balloon out, and possibly eventually burst, resulting in internal bleeding. |
front 5 Angiography | back 5 A procedure to x-ray blood vessels. |
front 6 Angioplasty | back 6 A procedure in which an occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon. |
front 7 Angioscope | back 7 Instrument used for visual examination of blood vessels. |
front 8 Angioscopy | back 8 Endoscopic examination of blood vessels. |
front 9 Anti-B antibodies | back 9 Proteins that will mount an immune response against B antigens. |
front 10 Antibodies | back 10 Proteins made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response). Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. |
front 11 Antigens | back 11 Substances that provokes an immune response. This happens because the immune system sees the antigen as foreign, or ‘non-self” (does not belong in that body). |
front 12 Aortic stenosis | back 12 A condition in which the aortic valve becomes rigid and may calcify over time. |
front 13 Artery | back 13 A blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. |
front 14 Arteriole | back 14 A very small artery that leads to a capillary. |
front 15 Arteriogram | back 15 An x-ray of arteries. |
front 16 Arteriosclerosis | back 16 The generalized loss of compliance; “hardening of the arteries”. |
front 17 Atherectomy | back 17 Excision of fatty plaque. |
front 18 Atherosclerosis | back 18 A hardening of the arteries that involves the accumulation of fatty plaque. |
front 19 Brachial artery | back 19 The large artery in the upper arm near the biceps muscle. |
front 20 Capillaries | back 20 The smallest type of blood vessel. A capillary connects an arteriole (small artery) to a venule (small vein) to form a network of blood vessels in almost all parts of the body. |
front 21 Cardiac output | back 21 The measurement of blood flow from the heart through the ventricles and is usually measured in liters per minute. Any factor that causes cardiac output to increase, by elevating heart rate or stroke volume or both, will elevate blood pressure and promote blood flow. |
front 22 Cardiac tamponad | back 22 A potentially fatal condition in which excess fluid builds within the pericardial space, preventing the heart from beating effectively. |
front 23 Cardiogenic | back 23 Originating from the heart. |
front 24 Carotid artery | back 24 Located in the neck, it is one of the three major branches of the aortic arch. |
front 25 Centrifugation | back 25 Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. |
front 26 Chemoreceptors | back 26 Cells that sense changes in chemical levels. |
front 27 Chemotaxis | back 27 Movement in response to chemicals; a phenomenon in which injured or infected cells and nearby leukocytes emit the equivalent of a chemical “911” call, attracting more leukocytes to the site. |
front 28 Role of Blood: transportation | back 28 wip |
front 29 Compliance | back 29 The ability of the blood vessels to dilate and constrict as needed. |
front 30 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | back 30 Surgery in which a healthy blood vessel taken from another part of the body is used to make a new path for blood around a blocked artery leading to the heart. This restores the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart. |
front 31 Coronary heart disease | back 31 A disease in which there is a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. |
front 32 Crohn’s disease | back 32 A condition in which the gastrointestinal tract is inflamed over a long period of time. |
front 33 Diapedesis | back 33 The migration of blood cells through the intact walls of blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. |
front 34 Diastolic pressure | back 34 The arterial pressure of blood during ventricular relaxation, or diastole. |
front 35 Edema | back 35 Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues. |
front 36 Embolus | back 36 An obstruction such as a blood clot or plaque that blocks the flow of blood in an artery or vein. |
front 37 Endarterectomy | back 37 Excision of plaque from within the artery. |
front 38 Endothelium | back 38 Epithelium that lines vessels in the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems. |
front 39 Epiphyses | back 39 The wider section at the end of long bones. |
front 40 Erythrocyte | back 40 A red blood cell. |
front 41 Erythropoietin (EPO) | back 41 A hormone produced by the kidneys that triggers the production of red blood cells. |
front 42 Extramedullary hematopoiesis | back 42 Hematopoiesis outside the medullary cavity of adult bones. |
front 43 Heart rate | back 43 The number of times the heart beats within a certain time period, usually a minute. |
front 44 Hematocrit | back 44 A lab test which measures the percentage red blood cells in a sample of whole blood. |
front 45 Hematologist | back 45 A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating blood disorders. |
front 46 Hematology | back 46 The study of blood and blood-forming issues. |
front 47 Hematoma | back 47 A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space. |
front 48 Hemolysis | back 48 The breakdown of red blood cells. |
front 49 Hemopoiesis | back 49 The process by which the body produces blood. |
front 50 Hemopoietic growth factors | back 50 Chemical messengers which promote the proliferation and differentiation of formed elements and include erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukins. |
front 51 Hemorrhage | back 51 Excessive bleeding. |
front 52 Hemostasis | back 52 The process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel to prevent further blood loss. |
front 53 Homeostasis | back 53 The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things. |
front 54 Hypertension | back 54 Abnormally high blood pressure. |
front 55 Hypothermia | back 55 Abnormally low body temperature. |
front 56 Hypothyroidism | back 56 The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. |
front 57 Hypovolemic | back 57 An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. |
front 58 Hypoxemia | back 58 Below-normal level of oxygen saturation of blood (typically <95 percent). |
front 59 Hypoxia | back 59 Lack of oxygen supply to the tissues. |
front 60 Immunodeficiency | back 60 The decreased ability of the body to fight infections and other diseases. |
front 61 Intravenous | back 61 Into or within the vein. |
front 62 Ischemia | back 62 Lack of blood flow to body tissues. |
front 63 Leukocyte | back 63 White blood cell(s). |
front 64 Leukocytopenia | back 64 An abnormal decrease in the number of leukocytes. |
front 65 Lupus | back 65 A chronic, inflammatory, connective tissue disease that can affect the joints and many organs. |
front 66 Lymphadenitis | back 66 Inflammation of lymph nodes. |
front 67 Lymphadenopathy | back 67 Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. |
front 68 Lymphoma | back 68 A form of cancer in which masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes, the spleen, the liver, and other tissues. These leukocytes do not function properly, and the patient is vulnerable to infection. |
front 69 Macrophage | back 69 A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses. |
front 70 Medulla oblongata | back 70 A part of the brain stem responsible for control of heart rate and breathing. |
front 71 Myeloma | back 71 Cancer that arises in plasma cells. |
front 72 Myelopoiesis | back 72 Formation of bone marrow. |
front 73 Pancytopenia | back 73 A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood. |
front 74 Perfusion | back 74 Penetration of blood. |
front 75 Peripheral arterial disease | back 75 Obstruction of vessels in peripheral regions of the body. |
front 76 pH | back 76 A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is, as determined by the number of free hydrogen ions in the substance. |
front 77 Phagocytized | back 77 The process by which certain cells are able to “eat” other cells or substances by engulfing them. |
front 78 Phlebitis | back 78 Inflammation of a vein. |
front 79 Phlebotomist | back 79 A medical professional trained to draw blood, typically by performing a venipuncture of a surface vein of the arm. |
front 80 Phlebotomy | back 80 A procedure in which a needle is used to take blood from a vein, usually for laboratory testing. |
front 81 Placenta | back 81 The organ that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, excretes waste products, and produces and secretes estrogens and progesterone. |
front 82 Plaque | back 82 A fatty material including cholesterol, connective tissue, white blood cells, and some smooth muscle cells. |
front 83 Plasma cells | back 83 A type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies which bind to specific foreign or abnormal antigens, in order to destroy them. |
front 84 Plasmapheresis | back 84 A procedure in which a machine is used to separate the plasma from the blood cells. |
front 85 Pneumothorax | back 85 An abnormal collection of air in the space between the thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and the chest cavity that can cause all or part of the lung to collapse. |
front 86 Polycythemia vera | back 86 A type of bone marrow disease that causes an excessive production of immature erythrocytes. |
front 87 Pulmonary embolism | back 87 A blood clot within the lung. |
front 88 Rheumatoid arthritis | back 88 An autoimmune disorder in which the body mounts an immune response against its own joint tissues, causing inflammation and damage to the joints. |
front 89 Sepsis | back 89 Organismal-level inflammatory response to a massive infection. |
front 90 Sickle cell disease | back 90 An inherited disease in which the red blood cells have an abnormal crescent shape, block small blood vessels, and do not last as long as normal red blood cells; also called sickle cell anemia. |
front 91 Splenectomy | back 91 Excision of the spleen. |
front 92 Splenomegaly | back 92 Enlarged spleen. |
front 93 Sphygmomanometer | back 93 A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device, or gauge. |
front 94 Systolic pressure | back 94 The arterial pressure resulting from the ejection of blood during ventricular contraction, or systole. |
front 95 Thalassemia | back 95 A genetic disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of globin proteins and excessive destruction of erythrocytes. |
front 96 Thrombocyte | back 96 Platelets. |
front 97 Thrombocytopenia | back 97 A condition in which there is an insufficient number of platelets. |
front 98 Thrombocytosis | back 98 A condition in which there are too many platelets. |
front 99 Thrombophlebitis | back 99 Inflammation of a vein that occurs when a blood clot forms. |
front 100 Thrombosis | back 100 The formation of unwanted blood clots. |
front 101 Thrombus | back 101 Aggregation of fibrin, platelets, and erythrocytes in an intact artery or vein. |
front 102 Thrombolysis | back 102 The process of breaking up a thrombus that is blocking blood flow. |
front 103 Thymectomy | back 103 Excision of the thymus gland. |
front 104 Thymoma | back 104 Tumor of the thymus gland. |
front 105 Tissue rejection | back 105 The recipient’s immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as non-self and mounts an immune response against it, ultimately destroying it. |
front 106 Vasoconstriction | back 106 The physiological narrowing of blood vessels by contraction of the vascular smooth muscle. |
front 107 Vasodilation | back 107 The physiological widening of blood vessels by relaxing the vascular smooth muscle. |
front 108 Veins | back 108 Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. |
front 109 Venules | back 109 Small blood vessels that carry blood to a vein. |
front 110 Viscosity | back 110 A measure of a fluid’s thickness or resistance to flow. |