front 1 Why do cells reproduce? | back 1 - reproduction (asexual and sexual) - growth - repair + healing |
front 2 G1 | back 2 1st growth phase performs cellular function and is active many cells stay in this phase and they don't divide (G0) )examples are nerve cells and stems of plants) (check point 1) |
front 3 check point one | back 3 1) is there a need for cells? 2) is the DNA undamaged? 3) is there sufficient cell growth (from G1) |
front 4 S (synthesis phase) | back 4 - synthesis of DNA - cell has 2 identical strands of DNA when this process is finished (sister chromatids) |
front 5 G2 | back 5 2nd growth phase = final mitosis prep Continued growth from G1 (checkpoint 2) |
front 6 check point 2 | back 6 1) was the DNA duplicated properly? |
front 7 Mitotic phase (cell division) | back 7 nuclear divison each of the new daughter cells gets a copy of DNA each daughter cell starts back at G1 |
front 8 cytokinesis | back 8 splitting of the cells into two |
front 9 interphase | back 9 THE PHASE BEFORE MITOSIS G1 / G2 / S GAP PHASES ARE GROWTH AND S IS DNA BEING "DUPLICATED" |
front 10 prophase | back 10 DNA- condenses into chromosomes with sister chromatids Nucleus - begins to break down centrioles - move ot the opposite sides of the cell spindle - begin to form |
front 11 metaphase (M = MIDDLE) | back 11 DNA- chromosomes with sister chromatids Nucleus - gone (nuclear envelope dissolved by enzymes) Centrioles - opposite sides of the cell spindle - formed, moves chromosomes into the center |
front 12 anaphase | back 12 DNA- sister chromatids torn apart at centomere Nucleus - gone centrioles - at opposite sides of the cell spindle - pulls apart the sister chromatids |
front 13 telophase | back 13 DNA - sister chromatids pulled towards ends - and chromatin reforms Nucleus - reforming Centrioles - opposite sides of the cell spindle - formed, pulles sister chromatids to the ends of the cell |
front 14 cytokinesis - | back 14 USUALLY HAPPENS AT THE SAME TIME AS TELOPHASE plants - cell plate begins to form in between daughter cells Animals - cytoplasm pinches in |
front 15 Order of mitosis | back 15 interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase cytokinesis |
front 16 2 process during interphase that is necessary for nuclear division | back 16 growth of the cell and synthesis of the DNA |
front 17 the most cell growth happens during - | back 17 G1 phase |
front 18 DNA replication occurs | back 18 in the S phase |
front 19 the cell is prepared for mitosis in what phase | back 19 G2 phase |
front 20 the phase where mitosis and cytokinesis takes place | back 20 cell division phase |
front 21 if a human cells has 46 chromosomes how many will each daughter cell have | back 21 46 cells |
front 22 chromatin | back 22 DNA as strands (DNA and protein) |
front 23 chromosomes | back 23 the condensed version of DNA (raveled chromatin) |
front 24 centromere | back 24 region of chromosome attachment (center where sister chromatids attach) |
front 25 chromatid | back 25 one half of a duplicated chromosome |
front 26 sister chromatid | back 26 two halves of a chromosome attached with a centromere |
front 27 in mitosis the cells are | back 27 the cells are identical |
front 28 cancer is caused by | back 28 rapid or crazy cell growth tumors are caused by clumps of excessive cells and G1 is the most affected |
front 29 interphase | back 29 is where the cell spends the most time |
front 30 G0 | back 30 cells in G0 don't go through the cell cycle |
front 31 If DNA was damaged and the cell continued to go through the cell cycle | back 31 is would cause the mutation to spread through out the rest of the organism |
front 32 Surface Area and Volume | back 32 the smaller the cell the less volume it has, meaning is has a larger SA/V ratio |
front 33 Surface Area / Volume and diffusion | back 33 the smaller the cell the more efficient the diffusion |