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QUIZ 1 extra

front 1 A plasma sample is hemolyzed and turbid. What is required to perform a sample blank in order to correct the measurement for the intrinsic absorbance of the sample when performing a spectrophotometric assay? A. Substitute deionized water for the sample B. Dilute the sample 1:2 with a standard of known concentration C. Substitute saline for the reagent D. Use a larger volume of the sample	back 1 C. Substitute saline for the reagent
front 2 Which instrument requires a highly regulated DC power supply? A. A spectrophotometer with a barrier layer cell B. A colorimeter with multilayer interference filters C. A spectrophotometer with a photomultiplier tube D. A densitometer with a photodiode detector	back 2 C. A spectrophotometer with a photomultiplier tube
front 3 Which statement regarding reflectometry is true? A. The relation between reflectance density and concentration is linear B. Single-point calibration can be used to determine concentration C. 100% reflectance is set with an opaque film called a white reference D. The diode array is the photodetector of choice	back 3 C. 100% reflectance is set with an opaque film called a white reference
front 4 Bichromatic measurement of absorbance can correct for interfering substances if: A. The contribution of the interferent to absorbance is the same at both wavelengths B. Both wavelengths pass through the sample simultaneously C. The side band is a harmonic of the primary wavelength D. The chromogen has the same absorbance at both wavelengths	back 4 A. The contribution of the interferent to absorbance is the same at both wavelengths

front 5 Which instrument requires a primary and secondary monochromator? A. Spectrophotometer B. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer C. Fluorometer D. Nephelometer	back 5 C. Fluorometer
front 6 Which of the following statements about fluorometry is accurate? A. Fluorometry is less sensitive than spectrophotometry B. Fluorometry is less specific than spectrophotometry C. Unsaturated cyclic molecules are often fluorescent D. Fluorescence is directly proportional to temperature	back 6 C. Unsaturated cyclic molecules are often fluorescent
front 7 Which of the following components is not needed in a chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer? A. Source lamp B. Monochromator C. Photodetector D. Wash station	back 7 A. Source lamp
front 8 Which substance is used to generate the light signal in electrochemiluminescence? A. Acridinium B. Luminol C. Dioxetane phosphate D. Ruthenium	back 8 D. Ruthenium

front 9 Light scattering when the wavelength is greater than 10 times the particle diameter is described by: A. Rayleigh’s law B. The Beer–Lambert law C. Mie’s law D. The Rayleigh–Debye law	back 9 A. Rayleigh’s law
front 10 Which statement regarding nephelometry is true? A. Nephelometry is less sensitive than absorption spectrophotometry B. Nephelometry follows Beer’s law C. The optical design is identical to a turbidimeter except that a HeNe laser light source is used D. The detector response is directly proportional to concentration	back 10 D. The detector response is directly proportional to concentration
front 11 The purpose of the nebulizer in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer that uses a flame is to: A. Convert ions to atoms B. Cause ejection of an outer shell electron C. Reduce evaporation of the sample D. Burn off organic impurities	back 11 A. Convert ions to atoms
front 12 A flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer dehydrates and atomizes a sample using: A. A graphite capillary furnace B. An electron gun C. A thermoelectric semiconductor D. A thermospray platform	back 12 A. A graphite capillary furnace

front 13 When measuring lead in whole blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, what reagent is required to obtain the needed sensitivity and precision? A. Lanthanum B. Lithium C. Triton X-100 D. Chloride	back 13 C. Triton X-100
front 14 Interference in atomic absorption spectrophotometry caused by differences in viscosity is called: A. Absorption interference B. Matrix effect C. Ionization interference D. Quenching	back 14 B. Matrix effect
front 15 All of the following are required when measuring magnesium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry except: A. A hollow cathode lamp with a magnesium cathode B. A chopper to prevent optical interference from magnesium emission C. A monochromator to isolate the magnesium emission line at 285 nm D. A 285-nm reference beam to correct for background absorption	back 15 D. A 285-nm reference beam to correct for background absorption
front 16 When measuring calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, which is required? A. An organic extraction reagent to deconjugate calcium from protein B. An internal standard C. A magnesium chelator D. Lanthanum oxide to chelate phosphates	back 16 D. Lanthanum oxide to chelate phosphates

front 17 Select the equation describing the potential that develops at the surface of an ion-selective electrode. A. van Deemter equation B. van Slyke equation C. Nernst equation D. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation	back 17 A. van Deemter equation
front 18 The reference potential of a silver–silver chloride electrode is determined by the: A. Concentration of the potassium chloride filling solution B. Surface area of the electrode C. Activity of total anion in the paste covering the electrode D. The concentration of silver in the paste covering the electrode	back 18 A. Concentration of the potassium chloride filling solution
front 19 The term RT/nF in the Nernst equation defines the: A. Potential at the ion-selective membrane B. Slope of the electrode C. Decomposition potential D. Isopotential point of the electrode	back 19 B. Slope of the electrode
front 20 The ion-selective membrane used to measure potassium is made of: A. High-borosilicate glass membrane B. Polyvinyl chloride dioctylphenyl phosphonate ion exchanger C. Valinomycin gel D. Calomel	back 20 C. Valinomycin gel

front 21 The response of a sodium electrode to a 10-fold increase in sodium concentration should be: A. A 10-fold drop in potential B. An increase in potential of approximately 60 mV C. An increase in potential of approximately 10 mV D. A decrease in potential of approximately 10 mV	back 21 B. An increase in potential of approximately 60 mV
front 22 The response of a sodium electrode to a 10-fold increase in sodium concentration should be: A. A 10-fold drop in potential B. An increase in potential of approximately 60 mV C. An increase in potential of approximately 10 mV D. A decrease in potential of approximately 10 mV	back 22 B. An increase in potential of approximately 60 mV
front 23 Which of the electrodes below is a current producing (amperometric) rather than a voltage-producing (potentiometric) electrode? A. Clark electrode B. Severinghaus electrode C. pH electrode D. Ionized calcium electrode	back 23 A. Clark electrode
front 24 Which of the following would cause a “response” error from an ion-selective electrode for sodium when measuring serum but not the calibrator? A. Interference from other electrolytes B. Protein coating the ion-selective membrane C. An overrange in sodium concentration D. Protein binding to sodium ions	back 24 B. Protein coating the ion-selective membrane

front 25 In polarography, the voltage needed to cause depolarization of the cathode is called the: A. Half-wave potential B. Isopotential point C. Decomposition potential D. Polarization potential	back 25 B. Isopotential point
front 26 Persistent noise from an ion-selective electrode is most often caused by: A. Contamination of sample B. Blocked junction at the salt bridge C. Overrange from high concentration D. Improper calibration	back 26 B. Blocked junction at the salt bridge
front 27 Which element is reduced at the cathode of a Clark polarographic electrode? A. Silver B. Oxygen C. Chloride D. Potassium	back 27 B. Oxygen
front 28 Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the coulometric titration of chloride? A. The indicator electrodes generate voltage B. Constant current must be present across the generator electrodes C. Silver ions are formed at the generator cathode D. Chloride concentration is inversely proportional to titration time	back 28 B. Constant current must be present across the generator electrodes

front 29 In the coulometric chloride titration: A. Acetic acid in the titrating solution furnishes the counter ion for reduction B. The endpoint is detected by amperometry C. The titrating reagent contains a phosphate buffer to keep pH constant D. Nitric acid (HNO3	back 29 B. The endpoint is detected by amperometry
front 30 Which of the following compounds can interfere with the coulometric chloride assay? A. Bromide B. Ascorbate C. Acetoacetate D. Nitrate	back 30 A. Bromide
front 31 All of the following compounds contribute to the osmolality of plasma except: A. Lipids B. Creatinine C. Drug metabolites D. Glucose	back 31 A. Lipids
front 32 One mole per kilogram H2O of any solute will cause all of the following except: A. Lower the freezing point by 1.86°C B. Raise vapor pressure by 0.3 mm Hg C. Raise the boiling point by 0.52°C D. Raise osmotic pressure by 22.4 atm	back 32 B. Raise vapor pressure by 0.3 mm Hg

front 33 What component of a freezing point osmometer measures the sample temperature? A. Thermistor B. Thermocouple C. Capacitor D. Electrode	back 33 B. Thermocouple
front 34 What type of measuring circuit is used in a freezing point osmometer? A. Electrometer B. Potentiometer C. Wheatstone bridge D. Thermal conductivity bridge	back 34 C. Wheatstone bridge
front 35 What type of detector is used in high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC–ECD)? A. Calomel electrode B. Conductivity electrode C. Glassy carbon electrode D. Polarographic electrode	back 35 C. Glassy carbon electrode
front 36 In gas chromatography, the elution order of volatiles is usually based upon the: A. Boiling point B. Molecular size C. Carbon content D. Polarity	back 36 A. Boiling point

front 37 Select the chemical that is used in most HPLC procedures to decrease solvent polarity. A. Hexane B. Nonane C. Chloroform D. Acetonitrile	back 37 D. Acetonitrile
front 38 In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the distance the solute migrates divided by the distance the solvent migrates is the: A. tR B. Kd C. Rf D. pK	back 38 C. Rf
front 39 Which reagent is used in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to extract cocaine metabolites from urine? A. Acid and sodium chloride B. Alkali and organic solvent C. Chloroform and sodium acetate D. Neutral solution of ethyl acetate	back 39 B. Alkali and organic solvent
front 40 What is the purpose of an internal standard in HPLC and GC methods? A. To compensate for variation in extraction and injection B. To correct for background absorbance C. To compensate for changes in flow rate D. To correct for coelution of solutes	back 40 A. To compensate for variation in extraction and injection

front 41 What is the confirmatory method for measuring drugs of abuse? A. HPLC B. Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) C. Gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) D. TLC	back 41 C. Gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)
front 42 What component is used in a GC-MS but not used in an LC-MS? A. Electron source B. Mass filter C. Detector D. Vacuum	back 42 A. Electron source
front 43 In addition to velocity, what variable is also needed to calculate the relative centrifugal force (g force) of a centrifuge? A. Head radius B. Angular velocity coefficient C. Diameter of the centrifuge tube D. Ambient temperature in degrees Centigrade	back 43 B. Angular velocity coefficient
front 44 In addition to velocity, what variable is also needed to calculate the relative centrifugal force (g force) of a centrifuge? A. Head radius B. Angular velocity coefficient C. Diameter of the centrifuge tube D. Ambient temperature in degrees Centigrade	back 44 A. Head radius

front 45 When calibrating a semiautomatic pipet that has a fixed delivery of 10.0 μL using a gravimetric method, what should be the average weight of deionized water transferred? A. 10.0 μg B. 100.0 μg C. 1.0 mg D. 10.0 mg	back 45 D. 10.0 mg
front 46 Which of the following contributes the most to the serum total CO2? A. PCO2 B. dCO2 C. HCO3 D. Carbonium ion	back 46 C. HCO3
front 47 Chemiluminescence	back 47 Emission of light by molecules in excited states produced by chemical reactions
front 48 Electrochemistry	back 48 Study of the relationship of electrical potential and chemical changes

front 49 Fluorescence	back 49 Emission of light by a substance after absorption of electromagnetic radiation of a shorter wavelength
front 50 Gas chromatography	back 50 Chromatographic technique used to separate mixtures of compounds that are volatile or can be made volatile
front 51 High-performance liquid chromatography	back 51 Chromatographic technique that uses high pressure and controlled temperature for fast separations of molecules in a mixture
front 52 Ion-selective electrodes	back 52 Electrodes that measure electrical potential produced by the activity of free ions. Each type is designed to be sensitive toward one type of ion

front 53

Osmometry

back 53

Technique used to measure the solute concentration of a solution using one of the four colligative properties, which change in proportion to osmotic pressure