front 1 Time course of absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion | back 1 Pharmacokinetics |
front 2 Pharmacokinetics can be simplified by asking | back 2 "What does the body do to the drug?" |
front 3 Time course of effect, relationship between drug concentration and site of action | back 3 Pharmacodynamics |
front 4 Pharmacodynamics can be simplified by asking | back 4 "What does the drug do to the body?" |
front 5 Drug dose absorption is | back 5 Systemic |
front 6 Drug dose distribution is related to | back 6 tissues |
front 7 End result of pharmacodynamics when its all fucked | back 7 toxicity |
front 8 End result of pharmacodynamics when its all chill | back 8 efficacy |
front 9 LADME L | back 9 Liberation |
front 10 LADME A | back 10 Absorption |
front 11 LADME D | back 11 Distribution |
front 12 LADME M | back 12 Metabolism |
front 13 LADME E | back 13 Excretion |
front 14 Dumb example(s) of Liberation | back 14 -Jailbreaking chemicals -Enteric coating to prevent drug exposure before small intestine - protecting the drug from the stomach (acid) and/or protecting the stomach (lining) from the drug -Delayed/extended release stimulants-- cardiac damage mitigation |
front 15 Dumb example(s) of Absorption | back 15 carrying an unmetabolized drug to its destination |
front 16 Dumb example(s) of Metabolism | back 16 CYP 450 enzymes impact on 90% of oral drugs Breaking a drug down so it can do its job and stop being a fancy bitch too much Tylenol wrecking the liver because it does everything around here |
front 17 Dumb example(s) of Excretion | back 17 Drinking a gallon of lidocaine and getting nothing after the liver gets its hands on it water soluble drugs being dumped by the kidneys |
front 18 CMAX is the point of | back 18 Peak serum concentration in body |
front 19 AUC (area under the curve) is | back 19 the exposure number |
front 20 AUC often drives what component of drug development? | back 20 Dosing |
front 21 CL is | back 21 Clearance |
front 22 Vd is | back 22 Volume of distribution |
front 23 t1/2 is | back 23 half-life |
front 24 F is | back 24 bioavailability |
front 25 When is drug clearance accomplished? | back 25 Blood volume is completely cleared |
front 26 How is drug clearance measured? | back 26 volume/time |
front 27 Volume is ____________ from clearance Independent Dependent | back 27 Independent |
front 28 Half-life is ________________ on clearance Independent Dependent | back 28 Dependent |
front 29 What route does not require bioavailability consideration? | back 29 IV |
front 30 Primary parameters of pharmacokinetics are | back 30 Clearance Volume of distribution |
front 31 Secondary parameters of pharmacokinetics are | back 31 Half life Bioavailability |
front 32 CYP 450 is an enzyme family commonly involved in | back 32 breaking down oral medications |
front 33 The gut wall is made up of | back 33 simple columnar epithelium |
front 34 What is the the first step in determining onset of action, rate of absorption, availability, etc. | back 34 Liberation |
front 35 What can drugs be excreted through? | back 35 urine, bile, sweat, saliva, tears, milk, and/or stool |
front 36 What can oral medication absorption be physiologically influenced by? | back 36 -First-pass -Anything that makes you bad at food: delayed gastric emptying garbage intestinal blood flow slow bitch bowels gastric pH lazy millennial enterocytes |
front 37 How would you use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to predict concentrations of a base instead of a weak acid? | back 37 Turn the ratio upside down (un-ionized/ionized) |
front 38 If the pH is lower than the pka: In an acid | back 38 the compound has a proton and is unionized |
front 39 pKa | back 39 the acid-base dissociation constant |
front 40 If the pH is lower than the pka: In a base | back 40 the compound has a proton and is ionized |
front 41 pKa is the pH at which | back 41 a compound is equally ionized and unionized |
front 42 What can pass through the lipid bilayer? | back 42 Free, unionized drug molecules |
front 43 What typically uses passive diffusion? | back 43 Nutrients |
front 44 Passive diffusion is common for pharmaceuticals T or F | back 44 F |
front 45 The measure of a drug moving across a membrane | back 45 permeability |
front 46 what molecules go across membranes the fastest? | back 46 small, lipophilic, unionized molecules |
front 47 What must be added for facilitated diffusion? | back 47 A carrier protein in the membrane |
front 48 Passive and facilitated diffusion are both dependent on: | back 48 concentration gradient |
front 49 Molecules only move which direction on a concentration gradient | back 49 High to low |
front 50 Facilitated diffusion | back 50 Wants to make it through the cell wall but needs help |
front 51 Active transport | back 51 Forces drugs into places it doesnt want to go |
front 52 Large and hydrophilic molecules will need | back 52 active transport |
front 53 large, scared of fat | back 53 needs help |
front 54 bulk transport | back 54 needs endocytosis through cell wall into cell plasma |
front 55 Passive Diffusion | back 55 lipophilic, small |
front 56 active transport | back 56 hydrophilic, low to high |
front 57 across GI tract, across cell membrane, anything except for IV admin | back 57 requires active, passive, transport |
front 58 Drugs usually exist in two froms | back 58 weak acid, weak base |
front 59 acids dissociate into | back 59 proton, acid |
front 60 charged molecules dont ____ well | back 60 absorb |
front 61 not charged, nonpolar | back 61 easily absorbed |
front 62 weak acids need to be in an acidic environment to be | back 62 absorbed |
front 63 best area of GI tract for absorbing weak acids are | back 63 duodenum |
front 64 Weak bases need to be in a basic environment to be | back 64 absorbed |
front 65 alkaline environments decrease the number of | back 65 protons in the environment |
front 66 factors affecting absorption | back 66 pH, decreased blood flow, decreased gi motility |