front 1 Transduction: | back 1 The translation of receptor binding to biological effect |
front 2 4 examples of receptors are | back 2 Ligand-gated ion channels |
front 3 3 membrane bound receptors | back 3 Ligand-gated ion channels |
front 4 Intracellular receptors are | back 4 Lipids/lipid soluble |
front 5 Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by | back 5 Acetylcholine |
front 6 Nicotinic agonists leads to | back 6 sodium influx and potassium efflux |
front 7 Ionized molecules cannot move through the cell wall without | back 7 a channel |
front 8 G-protein receptors have an agonist, which is also called a | back 8 First messenger |
front 9 First messengers are also called | back 9 signaling molecules |
front 10 Second messenger processes are also called | back 10 cascades |
front 11 pKa is | back 11 Ionization constant |
front 12 Bioavilability is calculated as | back 12 AUC |
front 13 AUC is | back 13 Area under curve |
front 14 Vd is | back 14 Volume of distribution |
front 15 Volume of distribution is | back 15 the fluid volume required to contain the entire drug in the body at the same time. |
front 16 tolerance | back 16 no change in ligand binding, you have less receptor |
front 17 desensitization | back 17 same amount of receptor, just not as responsive to drug |
front 18 Currently how many drugs are on the market with pharmacogenomic information in their drug label? | back 18 <100 |
front 19 Changing metabolism changes: | back 19 clearance |
front 20 Changing clearance changes | back 20 plasma concentration |
front 21 Changing plasma concentration changes | back 21 Efficacy |
front 22 Genetic variations can alter | back 22 Drug metabolism, efficacy (Emax), therapeutic effects |
front 23 Allele | back 23 Two or more alternate forms of DNA at a given location (gene) |
front 24 Geneotype | back 24 The genetic constitution of an individual (combination of two alleles for a gene) |
front 25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism | back 25 SNP |
front 26 SNP has two types | back 26 synonymous |
front 27 SNP | back 27 single base pair positions in genomic DNA <1% |
front 28 SNPs are identified by their position in the gene sequence | back 28 521T-C SNP |
front 29 + means | back 29 protein coding |
front 30 - means | back 30 in sequence |
front 31 521 T -> C means | back 31 At |
front 32 521T - Allele 1 (*1a) means | back 32 no data |
front 33 Alleles are given star numbers. | back 33 The number doesnt mean anything, just the number they were discovered |
front 34 Allele is also referenced as | back 34 Haplotype |
front 35 Haplotype also means | back 35 Allele |
front 36 521TC -> *1a/*5 | back 36 On one chromosome they have T at this position, on another chromosome they have C at this position, T corresponds to 1a, C corresponds to 5 |
front 37 OATP1B1*1a/*5 | back 37 Gene name followed by genotype is gene nomenclature |
front 38 Copy number variation | back 38 Gene duplication can lead to new variants or multiple copies |
front 39 CPIC | back 39 Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium |
front 40 Phenotype and ___ found in tables of CPIC | back 40 recommendations classified by strength |
front 41 *2 and *5 pt, what is their recommendation for codeine? | back 41 regular dose |
front 42 Know general concepts. Ultrafast metabolizer, metabolizer groups, | back 42 look at graph to identify poor metabolizer |
front 43 look at graph and identify highest efficacy | back 43 look at graph identify highest potency |
front 44 no math on test | back 44 no unit conversions |
front 45 20% from first lecture | back 45 60% PK |
front 46 heavy on new definitions | back 46 phew |
front 47 Amino acid based, water-soluble hormones receptors | back 47 Are on the outside of the cell because they cannot pass through the plasma membrane |
front 48 Because they cannot pass through the cell wall, what are the most common channels called that proteins use? | back 48 G protein-coupled receptors |
front 49 What do G protein-coupled receptors do to send a message inside the cell? | back 49 Use the second messenger system to amplify the effect within the cell. |
front 50 3 Common second messengers are: | back 50 cyclic AMP (cAMP) |
front 51 How does thyroxine tell a cell to do stuff? | back 51 Intracellular receptors inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell. |
front 52 Steroid hormones often activate | back 52 Genes and protein synthesis |