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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
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18 notecards = 5 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Immunoglobulin Genes

front 1

Describe the genetic organization of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes (V, D, J, and C regions)

back 1

V-Variable

J-Joining

D- Diversity

C-Constant

Randomness

heavy change

IgM is always in the first position.

front 2

Correctly identify the tissue in which VDJ recombination (of immunoglobulin genes) occurs (bone marrow).

back 2

no data

front 3

Describe the general features of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement

back 3

7-23-9 recombination signal sequences (Two turn RSS)

J only have RSS on the upstream

V only have RSS on the downstream

D has RSS on both the up and downstream

front 4

General features of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. How does it occur?

back 4

the rule

the RSS has to be different for the things to connect (one-turn and two can only connect not one-turn to one-turn)

front 5

Explain the function of the RSS sequences, RAG enzymes (VDJ recombinase), 1 turn-2 turn rule, etc.

back 5

no data

front 6

Explain the meaning of allelic exclusion

back 6

no data

front 7

explain why it is important for this to happen with respect to the immunoglobulin genes (ensures that each B cell only expresses one type of antibody and remains antigen-specific).

back 7

no data

front 8

Explain the origins of P and N nucleotides

back 8

the

front 9

P and N nucleotides how they contribute to antibody diversity.

back 9

no data

front 10

Understand the activity of the TdT enzyme in this process (it adds the N nucleotides).

back 10

no data

front 11

Explain the process of somatic hypermutation

back 11

no data

front 12

What does this process achieve? (hypermutation)

back 12

no data

front 13

Correctly explain when this process occurs in the life of a B cell (during B cell clonal expansion in response to antigen binding)

back 13

no data

front 14

correctly identify the tissues where it occurs (in secondary lymphoid tissues).

back 14

no data

front 15

Explain how somatic hypermutation influences the affinity of an antibody for its antigen. (Explain what affinity maturation is).

back 15

no data

front 16

Explain the process of class-switching.

back 16

no data

front 17

Explain when this process occurs in a B cell’s developmental life

back 17

no data

front 18

Explain the qualitative and quantitative differences between a primary antibody response and a secondary antibody response.

back 18

no data