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MSE 280 Exam 1 Study sheet

front 1

What are the mechanical properties?

back 1

yield strength, creep, stiffness, impact, ductility, and fatigue strength

front 2

What are the physical properties?

back 2

conductivity, temperature, thermal, and environmental

front 3

What type of atoms make up a metal?

back 3

mostly made of metallic elements

front 4

What are typical mechanical properties for a metal?

back 4

high electrical conductivity, ductile, strong, shiny

front 5

Are metals typically amorphous or crystalline?

back 5

crystsalline

front 6

Are metals typically single crystal or multi-grained?

back 6

multigrain

front 7

Do metals have high or low electrical and thermal conductivity?

back 7

high

front 8

What is a ceramic?

back 8

compounds of metallic and non metallic elements

front 9

What are typical mechanical properties for a ceramic?

back 9

corrosion resistant, low thermal conductivity, brittle, capable of being used at high temperatures

front 10

Are ceramics typically amorphous or crystalline?

back 10

both

front 11

Are crystalline ceramics typically single crystal or multi-grained?

back 11

multigrain

front 12

Do ceramics have high or low electrical and thermal conductivity?

back 12

low

front 13

What is a polymer

back 13

larger molecules made from smaller molecules in a process called polymerization

front 14

What are typical mechanical properties for polymers?

back 14

transparent, low electrical and thermal conductivity, and low density

front 15

What are typical mechanical properties for thermosets?

back 15

low density, brittle, and low electrical conductivity

front 16

Are thermosets, thermoplastics, and elastomers typically amorphous or crystalline?

back 16

thermosets- amorphous

thermoplastics/elastomers- amorphous or crystalline

front 17

Do polymers have high or low electrical and thermal conductivity?

back 17

low

front 18

What is a composite material?

back 18

materials formed mechanically from 2 or more materials

front 19

What is a semiconductor

back 19

an intermediate between metals and ceramics

front 20

How can the electrical properties of a semiconductor be altered?

back 20

they can be changed by altering the concentration of minute amounts of impurity atoms

front 21

Are semiconductors typically amorphous or crystalline?

back 21

cyrstalline

front 22

Are crystalline semiconductors typically single crystal or multi-grained?

back 22

mostly single crystals

front 23

Give some common examples of each material type...

metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and semiconductors

back 23

metals-steel, cast iron, brass, bronze, aluminum alloys

ceramics-alumina, MgO, silica, silicon nitride (brick/glass)

polymers-C, O, N, H, Si, F (furniture/paints/adhesives)

composites- tires, fiberglass, concrete

semiconductors-silicon, germanium (electoronics/detectors)

front 24

What is a grain structure?

back 24

Found in crystalline materials. It is the portion of a material which has a particular arrangement and a boundary.

front 25

What is a mechanical property?

back 25

It describes how a material responds to an applied force. It affects how a material can be used and produced.

physical properties are everything else

front 26

What is an ionic bond?

back 26

Electrons are given/taken to creat full shells.

For compounds with not pure elements.

front 27

What is a covalent bond?

back 27

Sharing electrons to get 8 valence electrons

front 28

What is a metallic bond?

back 28

Only occurs in metals when valence electrons are shared.

(a sea of negative electrons)

front 29

What are the typical electrical properties for a material with an ionic bond?

back 29

good electrical conductors and insulators

front 30

What are the typical electrical properties for a material with a covalent bond?

back 30

they arent very good electrical conductors

front 31

What are the typical electrical properties for a material with a metallic bond?

back 31

high electrical and thermal conductors

front 32

Are the bond strengths for secondary bonds higher or lower than those for primary bonds?

back 32

lower

front 33

As the bond strength increases would you expect the melting point to increase or decrease?

back 33

increase

front 34

As the bond strength increases would you expect the stiffness of a material to increase or decrease?

back 34

increase

front 35

What is a thermoplastic polymer?

back 35

Molecules that are not rigidly linked together but have good ductility and formability

front 36

What is a thermoset polymer?

back 36

molecules that are rigidly linked together, stronger and more brittle

front 37

What is an elastomer polymer?

back 37

(rubbers) - are extremely kinked up and partially linked together so that they can be stretched and still recover their original shape.

front 38

Which has higher ductility-a thermoset or thermoplastic polymer? Why?

back 38

Thermoplastics because the secondary bonding between chains is weaker.

front 39

How are ceramic and polymer crystal structures different from metallic crystal structures?

back 39

Ceramic and polymer crystal structures are amorphous, while metallic crystals are generally crystalline

front 40

When a metallic element and oxygen are combined to form a ceramic what is the ceramic called?

back 40

silica - crystalline and amoprhous

front 41

How are ceramic crystal structures named?

back 41

They are named after a common compound (atom per lattice site)

front 42

What is an interstitial?

back 42

a defect (an extra atom inserted at the lattice site that is not normal)

front 43

Are there any pure elements?

back 43

NO!

front 44

What is a substitutional solid solution?

back 44

when the solute (minor element) replaces the solvent (major element) in a crystal.

front 45

What is an interstitial solid solution?

back 45

When solute atoms are located in the spaces between the solvent atoms.

front 46

What is the solvent-rich phase called in a solid?

back 46

matrix

front 47

What is the solute-rich phase called in a solid?

back 47

precipitate

front 48

Rank the following in terms of increasing ductility?
o HCP metal
o BCC metal
o FCC metal

back 48

least ductile to most

HCP, BCC, FCC

front 49

List four ways that a metal could be strengthened.

back 49

1. solid solution stregnthening

2. plastic defomation

3. grain-size strengthening

4. Precipitaion strengthening

front 50

What is the mechanism by which the strengthening occurs

back 50

grain boundaries

front 51

Plastic deformation of a metal increases the strength of the metal. How does this occur?

back 51

Because plastic deformation distorts the material until its max yield strength and causes it to have less ductility and more strength.

front 52

How are thermoplastic polymers strengthened? Describe the mechanism!

back 52

They are reinforced with fibers by aligning the chains to get them stronger and more brittle

front 53

Typically as the strength of a metal increases what happens to the ductility?

back 53

ductility increases

front 54

Practice math problems

back 54

ok!