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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

23 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Apendicular skeleton

front 1

Appendicular skeleton

back 1

pectoral Girdle
Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb

front 2

The Pectoral Girdle - clavicle

back 2

s-shaped

front 3

clavicle medial half

back 3

attached to the sternum and forms Sternoclavicular join

front 4

clavicle lateral half

back 4

attached to the acromoin and forms the Acromioclavicular join

front 5

The Pectoral Girdle - the scapula

back 5

large flat irregular

Glenoid cavity – articulation with humerus
• Borders
• Superior, medial, & Lateral
• Anterior surface: Subscapular fossa
• Posterior surface
• Spine of scapula (ends at the acromion)
• Fossa above: Supraspinatus fossa
• Fossa below: Infraspinatus fossa
• Anterior surface: Subscapular fossa
• Acromion process (posterior)
• Coracoid process (anterior)

front 6

Upper limb - Humerus

back 6

2 bones in the body

front 7

Upper limb - radius

back 7

• Proximal features:
• Head: Articulates with capitulum of
humerus
• Neck: Narrowest region
• Radial tuberosity: For biceps
brachii muscle attachment
• Distal features:
• Styloid process: Lateral “wrist
bump”
• Ulnar notch: Medial dent for head of
ulna

front 8

Upper limb - ulna

back 8

• Proximal features:
• Trochlear notch: Accommodates
trochlea of humerus
• Olecranon: Projection that forms the
posterior “bump” of the elbow;
attachment site for triceps brachii
• Coronoid process: Inferior lip of
trochlear notch
• Radial notch: Lateral;
accommodates head of radius
• Distal features:
• Styloid process: Posteromedial
“wrist bump

front 9

Upper limb - carpals

back 9

8 wrist bones

2 rows of four

front 10

Upper limb - metacarpals

back 10

five in the palm (I-V)
• I is the base of the thumb, V is the base of the little
finger

front 11

Upper limb - phalanges

back 11

14 per hand • Three phalanges per finger
• Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
• But only two in the thumb (pollex)
• Proximal and distal phalanges (no middle phalanx)

front 12

the pelvic girdle

back 12

The pelvic girdle consists of the right and
left ossa coxae
• Commonly called “hip bone”
• os coxa = singular
• With sacrum and coccyx = the bony pelvis
• Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis between 13
and 15 years of age

front 13

the pelvic girdle -Articulations:

back 13

1. Anteriorly with other os coxae (2 os coxae =
pelvic girdle)
2. Posteriorly with the sacrum
3. Laterally with femur at acetabulum
• All three bones of the os coxa contribute to the
acetabulum (socket)

front 14

the pelvic girdle - ilium

back 14

• Largest of the three fused coxal bones
• Makes up the superior portions of os coxa
(and acetabulum)
• Features :
• Ala
• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
• Iliac Crest

front 15

the pelvic girdle - the ischium

back 15

• Superior/posterior margin of os coxa
• Features:
• Ischial spine: Prominent medial process
• Ischial tuberosity: Rough inferior projection
that supports weight of body when seated

front 16

the pelvic girdle - pubis

back 16

• Anterior region of os coxa
• Features:
• Pubic tubercle: palpable point at anterior
border
• Obturator foramen: Large space bordered
by pubic and ischial rami

front 17

the lower limb - the femur

back 17

• Longest, strongest, and heaviest
bone in the body
Important features:
• Head: Articulates with os coxa at
acetabulum
• Ball-and-socket joint
• Greater and lesser trochanters:
Massive processes for attachment of
powerful hip and thigh muscles
• Shaft
• Medial and lateral condyles: Smooth,
rounded articular surface

front 18

the lower limb - patella

back 18

• “Kneecap” within tendon of quadriceps
femoris muscle
• Triangular with broad superior base
and inferiorly pointed apex
• Articular surface articulates with femur

front 19

the lower limb - tibia

back 19

• Weight-bearing bone of lower leg
• Medial and lateral condyles: Smooth
surfaces for articulation with femur
• Tibial tuberosity: Rough anterior
projection inferior to condyles
• Attachment site of patellar ligament
• Medial malleolus: Inferior articular
surface: for the talus (a tarsal bone)

front 20

the lower limb - fibula

back 20

• No major weight-bearing properties
• Head
• Neck/Shaft
• Lateral Malleolus: bony protrusion seen
on outside of ankle

front 21

bones of ankles

back 21

7 “ankle” bones called tarsals:
Tarsals:
1. Calcaneus (forms the heel)
2. Talus, most superior, weight-bearing,
articulates with the tibia
3. Navicular
4-6. Cuneiform (wedges-medial, intermediate,
lateral)
7. Cuboid
These seven bones are collectively referred to
as “the tarsus

front 22

bones of the feet/toes

back 22

Five metatarsals are in the palm (I-V)
• I is the base of the big toe, V is the base of the little
toe
Fourteen phalanges per foot
• Three phalanges per toe
• Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
• But only two in the big toe (hallux)
• Proximal and distal phalanges (no middle phal

front 23

Aging and the Appendicular Skeleton

back 23

• Skeletal mass and density decline with aging
• Potential osteoporosis, susceptibility to fracture
• Begins in middle age
• Osteoarthritis develops as articular surfaces deteriorate
• Pubic symphysis changes with age
• Rough in early adulthood
• Flattens in 20s
• Develops prominent rim in 30s and 40s
• Develops concavities with arthritis in elderly