front 1 What is a gene? | back 1 A coding for a particular trait |
front 2 What is allele? | back 2 different variations for a gene |
front 3 What is a gene pool? | back 3 The set of genes in a population |
front 4 What is a genotype? | back 4 The genetic makeup or genes present on your chromosome |
front 5 What is a phenotype? | back 5 The physical characteristics that are being expressed |
front 6 What is homozygous? | back 6 Having the same allele for a gene (AA or aa) |
front 7 What is heterozygous? | back 7 Having a different allele for a gene (Aa) The dominant will be expressed |
front 8 What is homozygous dominant? | back 8 Having the same dominant allele (AA) |
front 9 What is homozygous recessive? | back 9 Having the same recessive allele (aa) |
front 10 What is evolution? | back 10 The change in a populations allelic frequency over time |
front 11 What is the Hardy-Weinberg Law? | back 11 The ratio at which alleles occur in a population over generations |
front 12 Hardy-Weinberg Law only occurs when? | back 12 the population is not evolving |
front 13 What are the 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Law? | back 13 1. No specific selection 2. No mutations 3. no migration 4. Large population 5. Random mating |
front 14 True or false the Hardy-Weinberg Law can determine how far off populations are. | back 14 True |
front 15 What is the allelic frequency formula? | back 15 p+q=1 |
front 16 What does p represent? | back 16 The frequency of the dominant allele |
front 17 What does q represent? | back 17 The frequency of the recessive allele |
front 18 What is the genotypic frequency formula? | back 18 P^2+2pq+q^2=1 |
front 19 What does p^2 represent? | back 19 frequency of homozygous dominant |
front 20 What does q^2 represent? | back 20 frequency of homozygous recessive |
front 21 What does pq2 represent? | back 21 frequency of heterozygous |
front 22 Try practice problems | back 22 go to khan academy! |
front 23 What is the founder affect? | back 23 When a small group breaks off from a large population and becomes isolated. |
front 24 What are the 4 life cycles? | back 24 Chlamydomonas Plasmodium plasmodia slime mold cellular slime mold |
front 25 Compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes | back 25 prokaryotes- DNA is circular, no membrane-bound nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles eukaryotes- membrane-bound nucleus, linear chromosomes, contain organelles, 10x larger than prokaryotic cells |
front 26 What is the taxonomic hierarchy? (biggest to smallest) | back 26 Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
front 27 What is the acronym for the taxonomic heircarhy? | back 27 Do koalas prefer chocolate or fruit, generally speaking? |
front 28 How do you classify bacteria? | back 28 Using grams stain |
front 29 What are the 3 domain? | back 29 Prokaryotes - Bacteria and archaea Eukaryotes - Eukarya |
front 30 Homo sapien - what is the species and genus name | back 30 genus -Homo species - sapien |
front 31 What are some characteristics of domain archea? | back 31 Found in extreme environments (extremophiles), no peptidoglycan, more related to domain eukarya |
front 32 What are some examples of extremophiles? | back 32 Methanogens - make methane (cows?) Halophiles - Salt lovers Thermoacidophiles - low pH and high temp lovers |
front 33 Characteristic of domain bacteria | back 33 Most have either a lot or a little peptidoglycan in the cell wall |
front 34 What are the 2 groups bacteria can be classified in? | back 34 Gram positive and negative |
front 35 Which gram test is harder to treat? | back 35 Gram negative because of the outer membrane |
front 36 What does gram positive or gram negative mean? | back 36 Gram-negative (like E. coli) - outer membrane makes it resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin. |
front 37 What color does gram positive stain? | back 37 Violet (purple) |
front 38 What is cyanobacteria and where is it located? | back 38 A unique type of photosynthetic prokaryote that contains chlorophylllla. It is found in the thylakoid membranes. |
front 39 What shapes do bacteria come in? | back 39 round(cocci), rod-shaped(bacilli), and spiral(spirilla) |
front 40 What are the 3 bacterial arrangements? | back 40 -Staphylo – clusters |
front 41 What is the flagella for in domain bacteria? | back 41 for movement |
front 42 What is positive/negative chemotaxis | back 42 Movement in response to chemicals |
front 43 What is positive/negative phototaxis | back 43 Movement in response to light |
front 44 What are the 3 ways bacteria moves? | back 44 1. Bacteria transformation 2. Bacteria transduction 3. Bacteria conjugation |
front 45 Most bacteria are what? | back 45 Heterotrophic - cannot make their own food |
front 46 What is symbosis? | back 46 ecological relationship between different species in direct contact with each other |
front 47 What are the 4 kingdoms in eukaryotes? | back 47 plantae, fungi, protista, and animalia |