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[Exam 3] Axial Skeleton: Muscles

front 1

Muscle functions

back 1

  1. postural stability
  2. torque production for mvt (create + transmit)
  3. Protection (back muscles = internal organs)
  4. Fine mvt of head and neck (gaze)

front 2

Muscle general structure

back 2

  • cross at multiple joints (spine muscles)
  • vary in different
    • length
    • shape
    • fiber direction
    • cross-sectional area
    • leverage

front 3

Muscle organization

back 3

  • Trunk
    • posterior, anterolateral, additional muscles
  • craniovical region

front 4

"strength"

back 4

  • produce force at torques/summation of torque + angles (mostly at spine)
    • force * moment arm (=> moment arm)
  • ability to produce a lot of force
  • 80 degree of force (verticle) = hulling you up

front 5

Special considerations

back 5

  • muscles on both sides/sets activated
    • sagittal plane = flexion + extension
  • muscle one activated
    • sagittal plane + multiplane (axial rotation or frontal plane motion)

front 6

Muscles of posterior trunk: SUPERFICIAL

back 6

  • Traps, lats, rhomboids, levator scap, serratus anterior (shoulder + arm stuff)
    • Bilateral -> extension
    • Unilateral -> lateral flexion & sidebending

front 7

Muscles of posterior trunk: INTERMEDIATE

(ventilation & proprioception)

back 7

  • low cross-sectional + body imaging/space
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior

front 8

Muscles of posterior trunk: DEEP

back 8

  • WHAT MOVES YOU AROUND
  • Erector spinae group
  • Transversospinal group
  • Short segmental group

front 9

Transversospinal group + short segmental

back 9

front 10

Muscles of trunk and craniocervical region

back 10

front 11

Erector Spinae group

back 11

  • turn on both sides = pure extension
  • turn on one side = rotation/sideband (unilaterally) + extension
  • BIG MOVEMENTS (DL)
  • Main move extension

front 12

Transversospinal group

back 12

  • semispinalis (semi. thoracic/cervicis/captits) -> multifid -> rotatores (brevia/longus)
  • low cross-sectional + many levels + lost strength
  • fine motor mvts

front 13

Muscles of the anterolateral trunk (abs): function

back 13

  • obliquus internus abdominis
  • protective work of ab organs
  • high intrabdominal + thoracic pressure

front 14

Muscles of the anterolateral trunk (abs) [specific]

back 14

  • obliquus externus abdominis
  • obliquus internus abdominis
  • transverse abdominis

front 15

Short Segmental

back 15

  • no force generation + lots of muscle spindle
    • tracks muscle length = proprioception
  • supervisor muscles

front 16

Muscles of the anterolateral trunk (abs) [errector abdominous movement]

back 16

  • both sides on(bilateral errector ab): trunk flexion
  • 1 side on: flexion + lateral

front 17

Muscles of the anterolateral trunk (abs): external + internal oblique

back 17

  • longest moment arm (rotation)
  • large cross-sectional area (x2 of errectus abdominous)
  • Turn left: right external obli on
  • Turn right: right internal obliq on
  • PSOAS = middle (does everything/depend on starting position)

front 18

Research Paper

back 18

  • transverse abdominal work = helps create pressure, prevent distention/sweeting of guts (Olympic weight belt)
  • external load application (dumbbell + barbel) = highest core application
    • EMG activation (on)

front 19

Superman vs. Deadlift: So which one creates more torque??

back 19

  • not same activity
  • superman increases use of deep muscles
    • more accessible, more better prescribed, low-load
  • deadlift: bracing, depends on what muscles (erectus spinous)

front 20

Extension Torque > Flexion Torque

back 20

  • Flexor-to-extensor torque (isometrically) is .45-.77
  • Trunk flexors: greater leverage
  • extensors: greater mass & better vertical orientation

front 21

Additional muscles: Iliopsoas & Quadratus Lumborum

back 21

  • Iliopsoas: hip flexor with femur-on-pelvis (hang leg raise) or pelvis-on-femur (sit-ups), lateral flexion, vertical stabilizer (trunk)
  • Quadratus Lumborum: dynamic control of pelvis, extensor of lumbar (bilaterally), flexor of LR (unilaterally)

front 22

Muscle interactions division

back 22

  1. Intrinsic stabilizer
  2. extrinsic stabilizer

front 23

Muscle interactions: Intrinsic stabilizer

back 23

  • Transversospinals // short segmentals
  • oriented completely verticle (telephone pole)
  • stabilization, compression, no sliding
  • prevent bowstringing (with big mvt) = generate stabilization (fine coordination)

front 24

Muscle interactions: extrinsic stabilizer

back 24

  • Anterolateral (abs) // Erector Spinae // QL // Ilioposas // Hip muscles
  • prevent bowstringing (with big mvt) = generate stabilization (deep muscles)

front 25

Sit ups

back 25

  • causes hip flexor activation
  • erectors abdominus/lats/pec/oblique/rectus+transverse abdominus/
  • max flexion torque: turn all muscles north of spine
  • max extension torque: turn all south of spine

front 26

sumo deadlift + squat

back 26

  • hip extension + lumbar extension (knees/calf/back/legs)
  • start position
  • don't need flexors on = bracing automatic/trainned = ???

front 27

Cervical spine head (AT NEUTRAL)

back 27

  • potential movement = depend on starting position
  • not a lot of plantar movements
  • more extensor + flexor

front 28

Sternocleuidomastoid

back 28

  • neutral vs extensor start
    • extension
  • unilateral + contralateral axial rotator (flex+extend)

front 29

Scalene muscles

back 29

  • unilateral flexor
  • both sides on: help with ventilation, raise thoracic spine up (COPD patients)

front 30

Deep muscles (right longus capitis, right rectus capitis anterior, right rectus capitis lateralis, left longus colli)

back 30

  • dynamic anterior longitudinal ligament
  • helps with flexion

front 31

large mover muscles (neck/head)

back 31

  • multi-level movers
  • splenius captitis: rotation + side bend
  • splenius cervicis: side bend + ecternal + rotation
  • levator spinae: side bend

front 32

small/single mover muscles (neck/head)

back 32

  • precise control of occipital and axial joints
  • provide neural feedback on position + rate of head movement (balance, equilibrium, eye-head coordination)

front 33

Cervical interactions

back 33

front 34

eye / fine movement / neck muscles

back 34

  • allows the head to stay on the neck after car accident/collision
  • vestibule system + neck muscles = control gaze
    • sends signals to each other
  • balance, equilibrium, eye-head coordination