front 1 Eukaryote | back 1 DNA is found in multiple chromosomes; reproduces by mitosis; and include membrane-bound organelles |
front 2 Prokaryote | back 2 reproduce by binary fission; DNA is usually found in a singular chromosome; has no organelles and no nucleus |
front 3 ribosomes | back 3 involved in synthesizing proteins from amino acids; either mobile or embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum |
front 4 Golgi complex | back 4 involved in synthesizing materials (like protein) that are eventually transported out of the cell; made of cisternae & has phosphate/sulfate "tags" that influence the structure and function of the protein |
front 5 Vacuoles | back 5 sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal; plants usually have 1 big one while animals usually have multiple small ones |
front 6 cytoskeleton | back 6 consists of microtubules and helps support/shape cell; in eukaryotes its made of microfilaments, intermediate fibers, and microtubules; important in cell division |
front 7 microtubules | back 7 made of protein (tubulin); helps support cell by extending throughout cell which help cell resist compressional forces while also providing a framework for motor proteins to travel on; is the thickest component of the cytoskeleton |
front 8 cytosol | back 8 liquid material in cell; mostly water and some floating particles |
front 9 cytoplasm | back 9 cytosol + organelles found inside plasma membrane (not within nucleus) |
front 10 cell (plasma) membrane | back 10 functions in the regulation and transportation of materials, cell to cell recognition, cell containment, and cell signaling; its made of phospholipid, chlolestoral, and protein molecules |
front 11 microfilaments | back 11 are the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton; made of actin that form twisted looking filaments organized into bundles or networks; helps maintain cell shapes and are involved in cytokinesis, muscles contraction, and movement of cell |
front 12 intermediate filaments | back 12 are components of the cytoskeleton that are thinner than microtubules but thicker than microfilaments; composed of over 50 types of proteins (which are cell specific); only play role in support the cell |
front 13 endoplasmic reticulum | back 13 includes rough (has ribosomes) and smooth (has none) ER; its fused to the nuclear membrane and comprises the transport system of a cell; both of smooth + rough are made of cisternae; constitutes roughly half of the plasma membrane |
front 14 Rough ER | back 14 is continuous w/ the nuclear envelope; outside looks like flattened sacs; ribosomes are modified, packaged in a vesicle, and sent to a different region within the cell (usually the golgi complex) |
front 15 Smooth ER | back 15 lacks ribosomes and is more tubular; membrane is continues with the ___ ER and the nucleus; involved in the synthesis of lipids (ex: phospholipids, cholesterol) other functions: ___ ER of liver cells detoxify drugs, ___ ER of muscle cells regulates and stores calcium ions |
front 16 nucleus | back 16 regulates and stores cellular DNA; site of DNA replication and transcription |
front 17 chromosomes | back 17 highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA |
front 18 chromatin | back 18 consists of DNA and proteins; makes up chromosomes |
front 19 Nuclear envelope | back 19 encloses structures of nuclei; has inner/outer membrane of lipids |
front 20 Outer Membrane of Nuclear Envelope | back 20 is continuous with the ER which allows easy exchange of materials |
front 21 Inner Membrane of Nuclear Envelope | back 21 is lined with protein filaments (nuclear lamina) which supports novels while aiding in the organization of chromatin |