front 1 Are there any individuals that are genetically identical? | back 1 No |
front 2 What does karyotyping mean? | back 2 It is used to determine the number and type of chromosomes present in a sample set of cell. |
front 3 All females have how many barr bodies? | back 3 1 |
front 4 What is a barr body? | back 4 condensed X chromosome near nucleus of cell (An inactive cell) |
front 5 What stain is used to determine the presence of Y chromosomes? | back 5 Acridine orange |
front 6 What is autosomal nondisjunction? | back 6 It's when non-sex chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. ex: down syndrome (trisomy 21) |
front 7 What does nondisjunction mean? | back 7 A failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis. |
front 8 How does a nonviable syndrome occur? | back 8 0Y |
front 9 How does jacob's syndrome occur? | back 9 XYY |
front 10 How does down syndrome occur? | back 10 When there are 3 chromosomes 21 (trisomy 21) |
front 11 What is the gamete for Klinfelter's syndrome? | back 11 XXY (male) - 1 barr body |
front 12 What is the gamete for Turner's syndrome? | back 12 0X (female) - no barr bodies |
front 13 What does DNA stand for? | back 13 Deoxyribonucleic acid |
front 14 True or false. DNA is found in all living cells? | back 14 True |
front 15 What are the 3 parts of DNA? | back 15 sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
front 16 What is the shape of DNA | back 16 A helix |
front 17 Where is DNA found in the cell? | back 17 The nucleus and mitochondria |
front 18 What is the role of DNA? | back 18 It encodes for all cellular protein |
front 19 When does DNA replicate? | back 19 During the S phase of interphase in cell division |
front 20 Why was strawberries used in the experiment to extract DNA? | back 20 Because it has a lot of DNA making the chromosomes visible to the naked eye. |
front 21 What are the 3 steps for DNA isolation? | back 21 1. Homogenization 2. Deproteinization 3. Precipitation |
front 22 What happens in homogenization? | back 22 The cell and nucleus are broken down to release the DNA |
front 23 What happens in deproteinization? | back 23 Detergent/buffer is used to remove protein from DNA. (Meat tenderizer) |
front 24 What happens in preciptation? | back 24 Ice-cold alcohol(ethanol) is used to separate DNA from other cell debris. (It will float to the top) |
front 25 DNA is composed of what? | back 25 Nucleotides |
front 26 What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA? | back 26 adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine |
front 27 What is a group of 3 amino acids called? | back 27 codon |
front 28 What is the initiation codon? | back 28 AUG - to start protein sysnthesis |
front 29 What is the stop codons? | back 29 UAA, UAG, UGA |
front 30 How do the nitrogenous bases pair? | back 30 Adenine and thymine pair and form a double bond. Cytosine and guanine pair and form a triple bond. |
front 31 What are the 2 nucleotide bases? | back 31 Pyrimidines(C/T) - 1 ring Purines(A/G) - 2 rings |
front 32 For RNA what base pair is substituted? And what is responsible for this? | back 32 U (uracil) for T RNA polymerase is responsible for this |
front 33 What does translocation mean? | back 33 When a portion of 1 chromosome is transferred to another. (not usually nonhomologous) |
front 34 What is the process of transcription? | back 34 DNA to mRNA |
front 35 What is the process of translation? | back 35 mRNA to protein |
front 36 Leading vs lagging strand? | back 36 Leading - 3' to 5' Lagging - 5' to 3' |
front 37 What does helicase do? | back 37 Its an enzyme that unwinds a parental double helix |
front 38 What is the specific step that helps DNA become a protein? | back 38 messenger RNA |
front 39 What is evolution? | back 39 It is the change in a populations allelic frequency over time? |
front 40 What is a mendelian population? | back 40 Sexual reproducing individuals that are able to interbreed. |
front 41 What is a gene pool? | back 41 The genotypic frequency and the allelic frequency within the population. (Basically, the set of genes in a population) |
front 42 What is the Hardy-Weinberg law? | back 42 If certain conditions are met, then allelic frequencies in a population will not change form generation to generation. |
front 43 What is a genetic drift? | back 43 When allelic frequencies change with time in small populations. |