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13 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

mol evo. 2.8 species and speciation

front 1

Is there a single species definition that can define all species?

back 1

No but its a real thing, difficult to define because speciation is a process not an event

front 2

If not, does this mean that the concept of a species is a human idea and not a biological reality?

back 2

complex process rather than a single event

front 3

How can we reconcile this discrepancy

back 3

recognizing its a process

front 4

evolutionary species concept

back 4

lineage of populations which maintains identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate.

front 5

3 ways to define species

back 5

no data

front 6

Morphological species concept

back 6

organisms look different from other species. dichotomous key

strengths: time efficient and no equipment needed

weakness: education on terms (technical expertise), not enough morphological diversity to -

front 7

Biological species concept

back 7

used by defining rates of gene flow. can they exchange genetic material and at what level? only related to sexually reproducing species. groups of potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

strengths: more scientific and objective method

weaknesses what point do we draw the line? Takes time and effort, asexually reproducing species

front 8

Phylogenetic species concept

back 8

smallest clade in a monophyletic group and call it a species. objective methodology. smallest diagnosable cluster of individual organisms within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent.

strenghts

weaknesses: difficulties in asexual species, takes time and effort

front 9

Others

back 9

Ecological species concept - based on the way a species makes a living, what is their niche?

front 10

Review Wheeler paper and his arguments for the Phylogenetic Species concept PSC being the single, unifying species concepts

back 10

There really is no single one.

front 11

What biological process does the PSC have a particular problem with?

back 11

HGT. creates networks and there's no clear way to define connections. asexual reproducers.

front 12

Geographic separation

back 12

force that causes speciation (allopatric speciation)

front 13

competition for resources is driving source

back 13

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