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17 notecards = 5 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

mol evo 2.7 History of organisms

front 1

Orthology

back 1

speciation events

front 2

Paralogy

back 2

gene duplication

front 3

Xenology

back 3

HGT event, DNA from a completely different lineage, very rare

can make a gene history not match species history

front 4

Which of these subclasses are of use when trying to infer phylogenetic history? (gene tree = species tree)

back 4

Orthology, paralogous can be used when lined up in data set

front 5

Convergence in New Wolrd and Old World vultures

back 5

Filling same niche

front 6

Lineage sorting

back 6

history of alleles in the population doesn't trace the species history

idea that allelic diversity, aslong as coalescence happens faster than speciation occurs then there is no lineage sorting (?)

key for lineage sorting is the amount of time it takes for speciation and allele fixation.

front 7

What are the two processes that would make lineage sorting more likely?

back 7

when coalescence is slow and speciation time

front 8

What are the three things that can cause a gene tree to conflict with a species tree (even when both trees are reconstructed accurately?)

back 8

Gene duplication, HGT, and coalescence/lineage sorting

front 9

Gene duplication

back 9

w/ paralogy

front 10

Horizontal Gene transfer

back 10

xenology

front 11

Strict consensus tree

back 11

two, three, or more trees that are trying to describe together, very little resolution

front 12

Majority rule consensus tree

back 12

>50% is shown on tree

front 13

Review genera example and opsin ex in video in unit 2.7.2

back 13

how they relate to paralogy/orthology issue

something about chiken 4 opsins and humans have 3 while chimps/apes have 2 i think idk.

front 14

Pseudogene

back 14

duplicated gene still in genome but no longer functional

front 15

Neofunctionalization

back 15

duplicated gene that functions differently from its original function

front 16

Anagenesis

back 16

process of developing new potential and diversity within species, species changing over time

front 17

Cladogenesis

back 17

process of speciation, new clades / lineages form a singular ancestor popualtion