Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?

The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels.

Put the following steps of the Calvin cycle in the correct order:

1. Carbon fixation

2. Regeneration of RuBP

3. Release of G3P

4. Reduction 6) _______

1, 4, 3, 2

Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light energy and reactive oxidative molecules by

carotenoids.

Photoautotrophs

produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is false?

ATP is not produced during photosynthesis; it is produced only during cellular respiration.

What is the likely origin of chloroplasts?

A) photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells

Many of the regions of the world where hunger is prevalent are also regions with hot and dry climates. What types of agricultural crops would you suggest that these regions attempt to grow? 1

C4 plants and CAM plants

) To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run ________ times.

Six

Which of the following has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years?

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

It has been suggested that global warming could be halted by fertilizing the oceans to increase the growth of algae. How might this affect the greenhouse effect?

Algal photosynthesis would use up more CO2, which traps heat.

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria

Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is false?

Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that

the muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise.

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose18) ______)

is carried by electrons.

When an organism such as a yeast lives by fermentation, it converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into a different compound, such as alcohol. Why doesn't it secrete the pyruvate directly?

The conversion is needed to regenerate the molecules needed for glycolysis.

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the

matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane.

In fermentation, ________ is ________.

NADH; oxidized

The end products of glycolysis include

NADH.

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

NADH.

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely

result in cell death.

A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?

Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions.

Many physiological conditions are related to particular proteins in cell membranes. The number of insulin receptors in membranes is related to the amount of insulin present around those cells. If the presence of increased insulin results in a decrease in receptors and a decrease in insulin results in an increase in insulin receptors, this would be an example of

negative or regulatory feedback.

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules.

Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by

proteins.

Aquaporins

allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion.

Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with increasing levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan levels decline. This is an example of

feedback inhibition.

) When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a/an ________ reaction to drive a/an ________ reaction.

exergonic; endergonic

Living systems

decrease their entropy while increasing the entropy of the universe.

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is false?

Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

A man with a dirty cut on his hand appears at the emergency department for treatment. In order to clean the wound, the health-care provider should use

a weak (low concentration) solution of salt water.

How does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is

phagocytosis.

In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will

lyse.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?

The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially tags the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a secretory vesicle.

40) The fluorescent tag likely did not become incorporated into which of the following organelles?

microtubules

Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by

anchoring junctions.

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially tags the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a secretory vesicle.

42) The fluorescent tag likely became incorporated into which of the following organelles during the video?

endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains the cell's DNA.

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.

44) Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

ribosomes.

Light microscopes

use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt

the movements of sperm cells.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation

will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.

Most animal cells are

embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

The nucleus of a cell

contains DNA

High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called

starch.

Lactose intolerance is the inability to

digest lactose.

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem

Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false?

They promote bone growth.

Proteins cannot be denatured by

freezing.

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

an alpha helix

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

contains thymine in place of uracil.