front 1 What is an example of a loop diuretic? | back 1 furosemide |
front 2 Where does furosemide work? | back 2 in the ascending Loop of Henle (tubule in nephron) |
front 3 What does furosemide do? | back 3 decreases Na/Cl reabsorption |
front 4 How would you describe furosemide as a diuretic? | back 4 VERY STRONG (and can be titrated for an increased effect) |
front 5 What would you use furosemide for in patients? | back 5 acute pulmonary edema, heart failure, edema/ascites in hepatic diseases, renal diseases, and for lower glomerular filtration rate. |
front 6 What is the onset, peak, and duration for furosemide? | back 6 Onset: 30 - 60 minutes Peak: 1-2 hours Duration: 6-8 hours |
front 7 Can you name any adverse effects of furosemide? | back 7 HYPOnatremic, HYPOkalemic, ototoxic, and increased fluid loss. |
front 8 What patients are contraindicated for furosemide? | back 8 sulfonamide allergic and pregnant |
front 9 What is an example of a thiazide diuretic? | back 9 Hydrochlorothiazide |
front 10 Thiazides are also known as? | back 10 Potassium losing drugs |
front 11 Where does hydrochlorothiazide work? | back 11 in the distal convoluted tubule between the Loop of Henle and the collecting tubule (H) |
front 12 What does hydrochlorothiazide do? | back 12 decreases reabsorption of Na, H2O, Cl, and HCO3 |
front 13 How would you describe hydrochlorothiazide as a diuretic? | back 13 Very weak and slow |
front 14 What would you use hydrochlorothiazide for in patients? | back 14 long term management of heart failure edema and HYPERtension |
front 15 What is the onset, peak, and duration for hydrochlorothiazide? | back 15 Onset: 2 hours Peak: 4-6 hours Duration: 6-24 hours |
front 16 Can you name any adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide? | back 16 hearing impairment, tinnitus, dizziness, and ototoxicity |
front 17 What patients are contraindicated for hydrochlorothiazide? | back 17 sulfonamide sensitivity, renal failure, anuric, and pregnant. |
front 18 What does hydrochlorothiazide have? | back 18 a ceiling threshold |
front 19 In order to give hydrochlorothiazide, what is needed in the patient? | back 19 adequate urine flow |
front 20 What is an example of potassium (K) sparing diuretic? | back 20 Spironalactone, Triamterene |
front 21 Where does spironalactone work? | back 21 in the distal convoluted tubule between the Loop of Henle and the collecting tubule (S) |
front 22 What does spironalactone do? | back 22 it competes with aldosterone for Na/K channel to inhibit Na/H2O reabsorption and K excretion (spares K) |
front 23 What would you use spironalactone for in patients? | back 23 heart failure, ascites, HYPOkalemia, HYPERtension, HYPERaldosteronism |
front 24 What is the onset, peak, and duration for spironalactone? | back 24 all between 24-48 hours (needs a long time for results) |
front 25 Can you name any adverse effects of spironalactone? | back 25 dizziness, headaches, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, *AFFECTS ANDROGEN/STEROIDS RECEPTORS (= deep voice, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, testicular atrophies) |
front 26 What patients are contraindicated for spironalactone? | back 26 renal failure (may cause HYPERkalemia bc of decreased aldosterone and retention of K), hepatic disease, first trimester of pregnancy, digoxin toxicity, lithium toxicity |
front 27 What is spironalactone known as? | back 27 Aldosterone antagonist |
front 28 What would you tell a patient if they are prescribed spironalactone? | back 28 AVOID foods high in K bc of potential K toxicity |
front 29 What is spironalactone's BBW? | back 29 tumorigenic with chronic toxicity |
front 30 What is an example of an osmotic diuretic? | back 30 Mannitol |
front 31 Where does mannitol work? | back 31 in the blood stream |
front 32 What does mannitol do? | back 32 it increases osmotic pressure (solute load) of glomerular filtrate (pulling H2O into bloodstream), increasing blood volume and decreasing reabsorption of H2O/electrolytes in renal tubules |
front 33 What would you use mannitol for in patients? | back 33 it decreases intracranial pressure for neurosurgery, decreases intraocular pressure for ophthalmic surgery, excretes toxic substances, manages olig/anuria, and prevents acute renal failure |
front 34 What is mannitol's onset, peak, and duration? | back 34 IV onset: 1-3 hours (15-30 minutes to decrease intracranial pressure) |
front 35 What are some combination drugs for diuretics? | back 35 (Thiazides) Aldactazide, Dyazide, Maxzide, Moduretic |
front 36 Combination drugs for diuretics are used for initial therapy for edema and HYPERtension. (T/F) | back 36 False |
front 37 What do combination drugs prevent when used with potassium sparing diuretics? | back 37 K imbalance (thiazides are K wasting, K sparing are...well, K sparing. IT EVENS OUT) |
front 38 Why is a loop-thiazide diuretic combination synergistic? | back 38 loop diuretics block Na reabsorption in Loop of Henle, so Na delivery increases at distal convoluted tubule (increasing excretion of Na) |
front 39 What are adverse effects of a loop-thazide diuretic combination? | back 39 increased diuresis with severe Na, K, and volume depletion (only use with hospitalized patients so you can keep track of em) |