An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and

absent bowel sounds.

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

mean arterial

Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of

thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy.

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of

vitamin D

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

noncontractile tissue injury.

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because each stage provides an opportunity for

intervention.

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

hematuria.

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

hypertension and bradycardia.

The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n)

elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.

What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?

Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

result from decreased serum ionized calcium

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Class II, Compensated Stage

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is

hematuria.

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

they are deficient in active vitamin D

The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is

hypoxemia

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia.

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.

true

in contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output.

The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is

hyperkalemia.

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is

ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause.

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of

gastric ulcer.

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

hypoventilation.

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

proteinuria.

An early indicator of colon cancer is

a change in bowel habits.

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by

norepinephrine.

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.

False

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity.

In the acute phase of stroke, treatment is focused on

stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.

false

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display

normal birth length and weight.

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.

After evaluation, a child’s asthma is characterized as “extrinsic.” This means that the asthma is

associated with specific allergic triggers.

Cystic fibrosis is associated with

bronchiectasis.

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joint inflammation caused by

autoimmune injury

Pain in fibromyalgia involves

changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord.

Hyperaldosteronism causes

ECV excess and hypokalemia

Emesis causes

metabolic alkalosis.

To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette smoke

impairs α₁-antitrypsin, allowing elastase to predominate

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

false

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?

Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction

Systemic disorders include

rheumatoid arthritis.

The effects of histamine release include

increased vascular permeability.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

deficient immune response

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

regular.

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

metabolic acidosis.

Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include

confusion.

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

Burkitt lymphoma.

An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect.

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is

in the normal range.

A major risk factor for the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease is

immunosuppression

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

mixed acid-base imbalance.

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the

cardinal ligaments.

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of

testicular torsion

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.

fat

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

hypoparathyroidism

To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should

avoid sun exposure.

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain.

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

decreases.

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

III

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

elevated total iron-binding capacity.