Which response to an injection of ACTH indicated a primary adrenal insufficiency?

No change in serum glucocorticoid level.

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to:

Diabetes mellitus.

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism:

Result from decreased serum ionized calcium.

In Type I Diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through process of:

Respiratory alkalosis.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases:

Water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?

Bloody stools.

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c).

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by

Increasing fiber in the diet.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is often associated with:

Nonketotic hyperosmolality.

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is:

Gastroesophageal varices.

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to:

Remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to:

Hypocalcemia.

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with:

Bloody diarrhea.

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?

Hep B.

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is:

Hypokalemia.

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat:

Cerebral edema.

Diabetes mellitus is the _______ leading cause of death and a major cause of diasbility in the U.S.

7th

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of:

Octreotide acetate.

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.

Acute

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of:

Hypoparathyroidism.

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is:

Pheochromocytoma.

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called:

Glycogenolysis.

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates:

Functional bowel obstruction.

Barrett esophagus is a:

Preneoplastic lesion.

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to:

Blood or semen.

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it:

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called:

Kernicterus.

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to:

Dehydration.

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?

Chest pain during meals.

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with:

Inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is:

Pain control.

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is:

Being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is:

Hyponatremia.

It is true that biliary cancer:

Tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is:

Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.

Portal

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to:

Decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

Normal bile is composed of

Water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

Appendicitis.

It is true that Graves disease is:

Associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.

Low-protein and high-fiber.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from:

Blocked cortisol production.

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults:

Results in the condition of acromegaly.

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

29.1 million

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with protal hypertension and carries a high _________ rate.

Mortality

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?

Blood and mucus in the stools.

The formation of active vitamin D

Is impaired in renal failure.

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of:

Gastric ulcer.

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after _________ procedures.

Gastric bypass.

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of:

Alcohol-induced injury.

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Obesity.

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.

Less than 180

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

Regular.

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to:

Need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for:

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include:

Tremor.

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by:

Osteoblasts.

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display:

Normal birth length and weight.

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

Elevated ferritin.

Jaundice is a common manifestation of:

Liver disease.

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

More prone to hypotension.

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with:

Alcoholism.

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

Hypoglycemia.

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

necrotizing enterocolitis.

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis

indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is

cholecystectomy

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and

absent bowel sounds.

Most gallstones are composed of

cholesterol.

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Helicobacter pylori.

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

portal hypertension.

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

Heartburn

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

hyperglycemia.

Graves disease.

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

goiter.

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis.

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA_1c)

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?Group of answer choices

Alkaline phosphatase

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction isGroup of answer choices

adhesions.

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

pancreatitis.

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

stomatitis.

Surgical removal of a gland may result inGroup of answer choices

hyposecretion.

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.

angiotensin II