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15 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Ch 6 The Skeletal system

front 1

What is structure A material makes up the most?

back 1

The articular cartilage at the ends of long bones is formed from hyaline cartilage.

front 2

5 Types of Bones

back 2

1. Long

2. Flat

3. Short

4. Irregular

5. Sesamoid

front 3

Flat Bones

back 3

Protect Internal Organs

- Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae, Cranial Bones

front 4

Long Bones

back 4

Supports Weight & Facilitate Movements

- Humerous, radius, ulna, meacarpals, metatarsal, Tibia, fibula, femur.

front 5

Short Bones

back 5

Cube like shaped

- Tarsals and Carpals.

front 6

Irregular Bones

back 6

Complex Shapes

- Vertebrae and Sacrum

front 7

Sesamoid Bones

back 7

Reinforce Tendons.

front 8

7 functions of bones

back 8

1. Support

2. Protection

3. Anchorage Skeletal Muscles ( for tendons )

4. Mineral Storage ( calcium and phosphate )

5. Blood cell Formations

6. Triglyceride ( fat storage )

7. Hormone Production ( produces osteocalcin )

front 9

Osteoclasts

back 9

Osteoclasts are the bone cells that break down bone. If they were activated more than normal, you should expect to see bone loss.

front 10

Anatomy of Bones

back 10

Compact Bones : dense, smooth- looking external layer of compact

Spongy : honeycomb looking of spongy bone. ( made up of tissues ( cross - hatching called trabeculae )

Traveculae : helps bone resist stress. ( also find bone marrow )

front 11

2 different bones marrow

back 11

red : produces blood cells

yellow : stores energy as fat

front 12

Epiphyses

back 12

flared ends, bones shaft

front 13

diaphysis

back 13

has medullary cavity thats filled with yellow marrow

front 14

Structural Units of Bones

back 14

1. Osteons : cylindrical, structures that ru parallel to bones axis.

2. each tube of osteon is called Lamellae

- ( filled with collagen fibers that run in the same direction )

- goes different directions to reinforced resistant of torsion stress. ( twisting )

3. central canals : holds nerves, veins and arteries. Tucked in a tiny lacunae spaces ( gaps ) ( which helps store osteocytes )

4. Osteocyte ( mature bone cells that monitor & maintain your bone matrix )

5. Osteoblasts ( bone makers )

6. Osteoclasts ( bone breakers )

front 15

Bone Remodeling

back 15

1. Resorption ( tear down process ) : secrete both a collagen - digesting enzyme and a acidic hydrogen ion mixture that dissolves the calcium phosphate, releasing its components back into the blood.

2. adoptosis : cells self destruct.