front 1 Central Nervous System: (CNS) | back 1 Contains: Brain & Spinal Cord |
front 2 Peripheral Nervous System: (PNS) | back 2 Contains: Nerves -- Cranial (12 pair), Spinal Cord (31 pair) |
front 3 Sensory Nerves | back 3 Afferent, start from all over the body, end up in CNS. |
front 4 Motor Neurons: | back 4 Efferent, start from CNS, end up in muscles & glands. |
front 5 Somatic Nervous System | back 5 Voluntary function, skeletal muscles. |
front 6 Autonomic Nervous System | back 6 Involuntary function, cardiac/smooth muscles, and glands. |
front 7 Sympathetic NS / Emergencies: | back 7 fight/flight, digestive & urinary system shuts down. |
front 8 Parasympathetic NS / Emergencies: | back 8 Calms down the body, stimulates digestive & urinary system. |
front 9 Neurons: | back 9 Main cells, makes/conducts nerve impulses. |
front 10 Neuroglial / glial cells: | back 10 Support, connect, protect and provide nutritional support. |
front 11 What are the 6 types of Neuroglial/ glial cells? | back 11 -Astrocytes -Oligodendrocytes -Schwann Cells -Ependymal Cells -Microglial cells -Satellite Cells |
front 12 Astrocytes: | back 12 star shaped, blood brain barrier |
front 13 Oligodendrocytes: | back 13 make myelin around nerves in CNS |
front 14 Schwann Cells: | back 14 make myelin around nerves in PNS. |
front 15 Ependymal Cells: | back 15 have cilia, line fluid filled cavities in CNS. |
front 16 Microglial Cells: | back 16 phagocytosis |
front 17 satellite cell: | back 17 protect the body of the neurons. |
front 18 Neurons: | back 18 Basic structural/ functional units of the nervous system. |
front 19 What are the different components in Neurons? | back 19 Dendrites to body to axon. Dendrites: short, branched, multiple Body: Soma, contains nucleus (DNA) Axon: Long, always one. |
front 20 Synapses: | back 20 Communication, two neurons get close to communicate. |
front 21 What is the gap between two neurons? | back 21 Synaptic cleft |
front 22 How do two neurons communicate? | back 22 1. Nerve impulse goes from A-->B 2. End of nerve, chemical (neurotransmitter) 3. Neurotransmitter: sticks to neuron & stimulates nerve impulse. 4. After communication, NT gets sent back to nerve. Presematic Neuron: beginning Postsematic Neuron: aftermath |
front 23 Neurotransmitter: | back 23 Chemicals which make communication between two neurons possible. |
front 24 Excitatory / Stimulatory: | back 24 "green traffic light", let's nerve impulses pass. |
front 25 Inhibitory: | back 25 "red traffic light", stops nerve impulses. -enkephalines & endorphins = natural painkillers -gaba : inhibitory neurotransmitter which brings down the mood (depression). |
front 26 Meninges: | back 26 Membrane covering the brain / spinal cord for protection. |
front 27 Layers of the meninges: | back 27 -Skin -Bone -Epidural Space -Dura Mater: has blood vessels, outermost layer. -Subdural Space -Arachnoid Mater: Thin, branched, No blood vessels -Subarachnoid space (contains CSF) -Pia Mater: Innermost layer, attached to brain and spinal cord. |
front 28 Different components in the brain: | back 28 -Cerebrum -Cerebellum -Diencephalon -Brain Stem |
front 29 Cerebrum: | back 29 largest highest part of brain, only part of brain that has voluntary function -gyri: bulging areas -sulci: depressed areas -fissures: deep crack |
front 30 Longitudinal Fissure (In cerebrum) | back 30 separates brain into L & R hemispheres. |
front 31 L hemisphere: | back 31 dominant one, verbal communications & analysis |
front 32 R hemisphere: | back 32 non-dominant, non verbal communications, emotions, artistic abilities (painting & music) |
front 33 Cerebrum works _____, L controls R, R controls L | back 33 Contralateral |
front 34 Each hemisphere has _____ lobes, ____ all together> | back 34 2 lobes, 8 all together |
front 35 Frontal Lobe: | back 35 largest lobe, personality, behavior, controlling movement, problem solving, (left frontal lobe: broca's area (speech)) |
front 36 Parietal Lobes: | back 36 Skin Senses |
front 37 Temporal Lobes: | back 37 Hearing, memory, some emotions, sensory speech (left temporal lobe: language comprehension)) -- Wernike's Area |
front 38 Occipital Lobe: | back 38 Vision, Visual perception |
front 39 Corpus Callosum: | back 39 Nerves going left/right, people who have wider ones can multitask. |
front 40 Cerebellum: | back 40 2nd largest part of brain, located in the back of the brain, below occipital lobe. helps w balance, posture, and coordination. |
front 41 Cerebellum works _____. L controls L. R controls R. *L and R lobe connected by the vermis | back 41 Ipsilateral. |
front 42 Diencephalon: | back 42 contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. |
front 43 Thalamus: | back 43 Relaying center of the brain, conscious awareness of some senses. (Pain and Temperature) |
front 44 Hypothalamus: | back 44 Makes hormones, helps homeostasis: temperature, thirst, electrolytes, hunger, blood glucose, heart rate, sleep and wakefulness. |
front 45 Epithalamus: | back 45 Pineal gland: melatonin, sleep hormone... melatonin goes up at night, down during the day. Pituitary Gland |
front 46 Brain Stem: | back 46 contains CN III TO XII , lowest part of brain, vital center of brain , has 3 parts: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
front 47 midbrain: | back 47 reflex movement of head/neck in response to sound. |
front 48 Pons: | back 48 Respiration -Respiratory rate -Depth of respiration |
front 49 Medulla Oblongata: | back 49 Heart control center -Heart rate Heart rhythm -Respiratory control center: inspiration center & expiration center -vasomotor: controls blood pressure |
front 50 CN I | back 50 Olfactory Nerve: Smell |
front 51 CN II | back 51 Optic Nerve: Vision |
front 52 CN III | back 52 Oculomotor Nerve: moves eyeball, up, down, medial |
front 53 CN IV | back 53 Trochlea: rolling eyes |
front 54 CN V | back 54 Trigeminal: largest CN, sensory of face, 3 branches |
front 55 CN VI | back 55 Abducens: lateral movement of the eyeball |
front 56 CN VII | back 56 Facial Nerve: face movement, taste |
front 57 CN VIII | back 57 Vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance |
front 58 CN IX | back 58 glossopharyngeal nerve: swallowing food |
front 59 CN X | back 59 vagus nerve: longest nerve, all visceral organs (chest, abdomen, and pelvic), parasympathetic |
front 60 CN XI | back 60 accessory: shoulder |
front 61 CN XII | back 61 hypoglossal nerve: moving tongue, speech |