front 1 The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. | back 1 B) in the walls of the tract organs |
front 2 The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. | back 2 B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage |
front 3 The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. | back 3 A) digestion |
front 4 When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must
| back 4 C) chemical digestion |
front 5 The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. | back 5 A) mesenteries |
front 6 From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are
| back 6 D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa |
front 7 The structure known as the fauces is the ________. | back 7 D) passageway between the oral cavity and the pharynx |
front 8 The epithelial membrane called the mucosa ________. | back 8 D) contains the lamina propria |
front 9 The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________. | back 9 D) lamina propria |
front 10 The plicae circulares and intestinal villi are found in which of the four layers of the alimentary
| back 10 A) mucosa |
front 11 The structures that produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine are the ________. | back 11 C) intestinal crypts |
front 12 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of
| back 12 A) plicae circulares and intestinal villi |
front 13 Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. | back 13 C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. |
front 14 Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth? | back 14 A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge. |
front 15 Which of the following is not true of saliva? | back 15 B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins |
front 16 The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? | back 16 C) serous cells and mucous cells |
front 17 The solutes contained in saliva include ________. | back 17 D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA |
front 18 In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. | back 18 A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins |
front 19 Chyme is created in the ________. | back 19 B) stomach |
front 20 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | back 20 B) parietal cells |
front 21 Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or
| back 21 A) enteroendocrine cells |
front 22 There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. | back 22 A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought |
front 23 Peristaltic waves are ________. | back 23 D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another |
front 24 Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the
| back 24 B) protein and peptide fragments |
front 25 Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. | back 25 A) chief cells of the stomach |
front 26 You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes
| back 26 B) amylase |
front 27 The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite
| back 27 D) hepatopancreatic ampulla |
front 28 The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. | back 28 C) hydrolysis |
front 29 Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a
| back 29 C) lipase |
front 30 Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. | back 30 C) hydrochloric acid |
front 31 Hepatocytes do not ________. | back 31 A) produce digestive enzymes |
front 32 Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion? | back 32 D) enterogastric |
front 33 Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | back 33 A) B12 |
front 34 Chief cells ________. | back 34 C) are found in the basal regions of the gastric glands |
front 35 Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of
| back 35 B) catabolism |
front 36 The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central
| back 36 A) liver |
front 37 If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. | back 37 A) serosa |
front 38 The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________. | back 38 B) ileum |
front 39 The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? | back 39 D) canine tooth |
front 40 Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely
| back 40 A) lipids |
front 41 ________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a
| back 41 D) Calcium |
front 42 Important peritoneal folds do not include the ________. | back 42 D) round ligament |
front 43 The lamina propria is composed of ________. | back 43 A) loose connective tissue |
front 44 ________ is/are not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion | back 44 B) Carbohydrates |
front 45 Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________. | back 45 C) cystic duct |
front 46 The function of the goblet cells is to ________. | back 46 B) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful
|
front 47 Under normal conditions, the gastric mucosa pours out as much as ________. | back 47 C) 2 to 3 liters of gastric juice per day |
front 48 Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. | back 48 B) the vagus nerve and enteric plexus |
front 49 Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? | back 49 A) fungiform and circumvallate |
front 50 Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? | back 50 A) parietal cells |
front 51 Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? | back 51 C) trypsin |
front 52 Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? | back 52 A) tongue |
front 53 A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol,
| back 53 A) bile |
front 54 The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply
| back 54 B) submucosa |
front 55 Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________. | back 55 C) is longer than the small intestine |
front 56 Tooth structure includes ________. | back 56 C) a thin periodontal ligament that holds the tooth in place |
front 57 The propulsion of food down the gastrointestinal tract includes ________. | back 57 A) the pharyngeal-esophageal phase, an involuntary process |
front 58 Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. | back 58 C) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth |
front 59 Paneth cells ________. | back 59 C) secrete enzymes that kill bacteria |
front 60 Select the correct statement about digestive processes. | back 60 C) Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex |
front 61 Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________. | back 61 B) cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction |
front 62 Select the correct statement about absorption. | back 62 C) If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may
|
front 63 Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. | back 63 D) Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum |
front 64 You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the
| back 64 A) the pancreas |
front 65 The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? | back 65 C) Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum. |
front 66 The mucosa of the developing alimentary tube comes from ________. | back 66 C) endoderm |
front 67 A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On
| back 67 C) alkalosis |
front 68 Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. | back 68 B) secretin |
front 69 Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? | back 69 B) inferior vena cava |
front 70 Which of these is not a component of saliva? | back 70 D) nitric oxide |
front 71 There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________
| back 71 B) IgA |