front 1 Exercise 2-8: Anaerobic Jar Plate was inoculated inside the jar | back 1 Facultative anaerobe = top; strict aerobe = right; strict anaerobe = left |
front 2 Exercise 2-8: Anaerobic Jar Plate was inoculated outside the jar | back 2 Facultative anaerobe = top; strict aerobe = right; strict anaerobe = left |
front 3 Exercise 2-3: Growth Patterns on Slants | back 3 From left to right: 1). flat, dry 2). spreading edge 3). crusty/friable 4). transparent/barely visible |
front 4 Exercise 2-4: Growth patterns in broth | back 4 From left to right: in pairs 1 & 2). uniform fine turbidity 3 & 4). sediment (stuff at the bottom) 5 & 6). pellicle (stuff floating on top) |
front 5 Exercise 5-4: Methyl Red test results | back 5 Left to right: 1. red color = positive result (mixed acid fermentation) 2. no color change = negative result (no mixed acid fermentation) |
front 6 Exercise 5-4: Voges-Proskauer test results | back 6 Left to right: 1. no color change = negative result (no 2,3-butanediol fermentation w/ no acetoin produced) 2. red color = positive result (2,3 - butanediol fermentation w/ acetoin produced) |
front 7 Exercise 5-5: ONPG test | back 7 Left to right: 1. Yellow color formation = positive result (organism produces B-galactosidase) 2. No color change = negative result (organism does not produce B-galactosidase) |
front 8 Exercise 5-28: Motility Test | back 8 Left to right: 1. red diffuse growth radiating outward from the stab line = positive result (organism is motile) 2. red growth only along the stab line = negative result (organism is nonmotile) |
front 9 Exercise 5-25: Blood Agar | back 9 no hemolysis: no change in the medium = organism doe snot hemolyze RBCs |
front 10 Exercise 5-25: Blood Agar alpha-hemolysis - cant see it on photo but has green tint to it | back 10 alpha-hemolysis: greening around the growth = organism hemolyses RBCs partially |
front 11 Exercise 5-25: Blood Agar | back 11 B-hemolysis: clearing around growth = organism hemolyses RBC's completely |
front 12 Exercise 5-21: Triple sugar Iron Agar/Kligler Iron Agar Other result interpretations not seen in image 1. A/A TSIA 2. K/K 3. NC/NC | back 12 1. yellow/yellow = glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation w/ acid accumulation in slant and butt 2. red slant/red butt = no fermentation; peptone catabolized aerobically and anaerobically w/ alkaline products; not from Enterobacteriaceae family 3. No change/no change = organism is growing slowly or not at all; not from Enterobacteriaceae family |
front 13 Exercise 5-21: Triple sugar Iron Agar/Kligler Iron Agar | back 13 Left to right: are all KIA slants (TSIA tubes w/ same appearance are scored the same) 1. red slant/yellow but = K/A (glucose fermentation w/ acid production; proteins catabolized aerobically in the slant w/ alkaline products) 2. red slant/no change in butt = K/NC (no fermentation; peptone catabolized aerobically w/ alkaline products; not from Enterobacteriaceae) 3. Uninoculated control 4. black predicate in the agar = H2S (sulfur reduction which is an acid condition from fermentation of glucose & lactose) 5. yellow slant/yellow butt = A/A (glucose and lactose fermentation w/ acid accumulation in slant and butt) - also cracks in/or lifting of the agar = G (gas production) |
front 14 Exercise 5-13: Starch Hydrolysis (Amylase test) - are you supposed to read results after or before reading iodine? | back 14 Left to right: read results after adding iodine (B) 1. Clearing around growth (halo) = positive result (alpha-amylase and/or oligo-1,6-glucosidase is present) 2. no clearing around growth = negative result (neither alpha-amylase or oligo-1,6-glucosidase is present) |
front 15 Exercise 5-16: Casein Hydrolysis (Casease test) | back 15 Bottom to top: 1. no clearing in the agar = negative result (casease is absent) 2. clearing in agar = positive result (casease is present) |
front 16 Exercise 5-20: SIM Medium Sulfur Reduction | back 16 left to right: 1. no black in the medium = negative result (sulfur is not reduced) 2. black in the medium = positive result (sulfur reduction w/ H2S production) |
front 17 Exercise 5-20: SIM Medium Indole Production | back 17 left to right: 1. Reagent color is unchanged = negative result (organism doesn't produce tryptophanase and tryptophan is not hydrolyzed) 2. red in the alcohol layer of kovac's reagent = positive result (organism produces tryptophanase and hydrolyzes tryptophan into indole and pyruvate) |
front 18 Exercise 5-20: SIM Medium Motility | back 18 left to right: 1. no radiating growth = negative result (nonmotile) 2. growth radiation outward from stab line = positive result (motile) notice: if there is a blackened medium (H2S produced), motility cannot be determined (ND) |
front 19 Exercise 5-11: Decarboxylation test - media was made w/ lysine | back 19 left to right: 1. yellow = negative result (fermentation; no decarboxylation) 2. uninoculated control no color change = negative (no decarboxylation) 3. purple (may be slight) = positive result (decarboxylation; organism produces the specific decarboxylase enzyme) |
front 20 Exercise 5-7: Oxidase test | back 20 Left to right: 1. dark blue/purple within 20 seconds = positive result (cytochrome c oxidase is present) 2. no color change to blue/purple within 20 seconds = negative results (cytochrome c oxidase not present) |
front 21 Exercise 5-6: Catalase Test | back 21 Left to right: 1. no bubbles = negative result (catalase is absent) 2. bubbles = positive result (catalase is present) |
front 22 Exercise 5-17: Gelatin Hydrolysis | back 22 Top to bottom: they are kinda upside down so read right to left 1. gelatin is liquid (control is solid) = positive result (gelatinase is present) 2. gelatin is solid = negative result (no gelatinase is present) |
front 23 Exercise 5-9: Citrate Utilization test | back 23 Left to right: 1. no color change & no growth = negative result (citrate is not utilized) 2. uninoculated control 3. blue (even a small amount) = positive result (citrate is utilized) also have: no color change & growth = positive result (citrate is utilized) |
front 24 Exercise 5-3: PR broths | back 24 1. yellow broth, bubble in tube (A/G) = fermentation w acid and gas end products 2. yellow broth, no bubble in tube (A/-) = fermentation w/ acid end products; no gas produced 3. uninoculated control 4. red broth, no bubble in tube (-/-) = no fermentaton 5. pink broth, no bubble in tube (K) = degradation of peptone; alkaline end products |
front 25 Exercise 5-12: Phenylalanine Deaminase Test | back 25 1. green color = positive result (phenylalanine deaminase is present) 2. uninoculated control 3. no color change = negative result (phenylalanine deaminase is absent) |
front 26 Exercise 5-8: Nitrate Reduction test - broth before addition of reagents | back 26 2. uninoculated control 5. gas (non-fermenter) = positive result (denitrification - production of nitrogen gas) |
front 27 Exercise 5-8: Nitrate Reduction test - after addition of reagents | back 27 1. Red color (after addition of reagants A and B) = positive result (nitrate reduction to nitrite; nitrate reductase is present) 3. no color change (after the addition of reagants A and B) = incomplete test; requires the addition of zinc dust 4. no color change (after the addition of reagants A and B) = incomplete test; requires the addition of zinc dust |
front 28 Exercise 5-8: Nitrate Reduction test | back 28 3. red color (after addition of zinc dust) = negative result (no nitrate reduction) 4. no color change (after addition of zinc dust) = positive result (nitrate reduction to nongaseous nitrogenous compounds) |
front 29 Exercise 5-18: Urea Hydrolysis (Urease test) | back 29 1. orange or yellow (24h) to orange or yellow (6 days) = negative result (no urea hydrolysis; urea is absent) 2. uninoculated control 3. all pink (24h) = positive result (rapid urea hydrolysis; strong urease production) also have partially pink or orange/yellow (24h) to all pink or partially pink (6 days) = weak positive result (slow urea hydrolysis; weak urease production) |
front 30 Exercise 4-4: Mannitol Salt Agar | back 30 top to bottom: 1. yellow growth or halo (Y) = organism produces acid from mannitol fermentation and is likely pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus 1a. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by NaCl 2. red growth (no halo) (R) = organism does not ferment mannitol and is Staphylococcus other than S.aureus 2a. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by NaCl also have poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by NaCl & is not Staphylococcus |
front 31 Exercise 4-1: Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar top/bottom are gram(+) and left/right gram(-): | back 31 1. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by phenylethyl alcohol and is a probable Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, or Lactococcus 2. poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by phenylethyl alcohol and is a probably gram(-) organism |
front 32 Exercise 4-5: MacConkey Agar left/right are gram(+) cocci and top/bottom are gram(-) Enterobacteriaceae: | back 32 1. poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by crystal violet and or/bile and is gram(+) 2. poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by crystal violet and or/bile and is gram(+) 3. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by crystal violet or bile and is gram(-) 3a. pink to red growth w/ or w/o bile predicate = organism produces acid from lactose fermentation and is a probable coliform 4. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by crystal violet or bile and is gram(-) 4a. growth is "colorless" aka not red or pink (C) = organism does not ferment lactose and is a noncoliform |
front 33 Exercise 4-6: Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (Levine) Left/right are gram(+) cocci and top/bottom are Enterobacteriaceae w/ a conform on top and a noncoliform at the bottom | back 33 1. poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by eosin and/or methylene blue and is gram(+) 2. poor growth (P) or no growth (N) = organism is inhibited by eosin and/or methylene blue and is gram(+) 3. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by eosin and methylene blue and is gram(-) 3a. growth is "dark" (purple to back, w/ or w/o green metallic sheen) (D) = organism ferments lactose and/or sucrose w/ acid production and is a possible coliform 4. good growth (G) = organism is not inhibited by eosin and methylene blue and is gram(-) 4a. growth is "colorless" aka not red or pink (C)= organism does not ferment lactose and is a noncoliform |
front 34 Exercise 9-10: Capsule Stain - explain the process | back 34 if capsules are present, they will appear white against a stained background |
front 35 Exercise 3-6: Negative Stains - explain the process | back 35 always stain background with acidic dye (circles are air bubbles) - used to measure cell size and shape |
front 36 Exercise 3-7: Gram Stain - explain the process | back 36 Positive = walls have a lot of peptidoglycan Negative = not a lot of peptidoglycan in walls (and prescense of cell membrane) |
front 37 Aerotolerance categories | back 37 |
front 38 Exercise 3-10: Endospore Stain - explain the process | back 38 |