front 1 1) Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A) root cap D) storage roots | back 1 B |
front 2 2) Prop roots are the modified aerial adventitious roots of corn that ________. A) enable the root system to obtain oxygen D) wrap around other plants to support tall, top-heavy plants | back 2 B |
front 3 3) Strawberries have modified horizontal shoots growing along the
surface, which are referred to as ________. C) stolons | back 3 C |
front 4 4) An axillary bud in the stem can potentially form a ________ in a
variety of plants based on evolutionary adaptations. C) flower | back 4 D |
front 5 5) Onion leaves have been modified for the purpose of ________. A)
defense (protect from predators) D) reproduction | back 5 B |
front 6 6) ________ is a relatively indigestible strengthening polymer that
accounts for more than a quarter of the dry mass of wood. C) Lignin | back 6 C |
front 7 7) When you eat Brussels sprouts, you are eating ________. A) immature flowers D) storage leaves | back 7 B |
front 8 8) Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants
near the floor of dense tropical rain forests. Which of the following
precursors for photosynthesis is most likely limited in these large
leaves? B) carbon dioxide | back 8 D |
front 9 9) Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between ________. A) light collection and carbon dioxide absorption D) light collection and oxygen absorption | back 9 B |
front 10 10) One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the
anatomy of leaves is that ________. C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots | back 10 C |
front 11 11) Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? A) root hair—vascular tissue D) tracheid—vascular tissue | back 11 D |
front 12 12) The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the ________. A) cortex D) pith | back 12 B |
front 13 13) Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? A) a parenchyma cell near the root tip D) a stem fiber | back 13 A |
front 14 14) Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that
support young, growing parts of the plant? C) sclerenchyma cells | back 14 B |
front 15 15) Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function? A) sclerenchyma—supporting cells with thick secondary walls D) periderm—parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves | back 15 A |
front 16 16) Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity? A) parenchyma cells D) sieve-tube elements | back 16 C |
front 17 17) Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances? A) parenchyma cells D) sieve-tube elements | back 17 D |
front 18 18) Which of the following plants are annuals? A) azaleas D) wheat | back 18 D |
front 19 19) Plant meristematic cells ________. | back 19 B |
front 20 20) Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? A) secondary xylem D) secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers | back 20 D |
front 21 21) Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________. A) perennial D) primary | back 21 C |
front 22 22) What is present in a shoot apical meristem region? I) the region of cell division A) only I | back 22 D |
front 23 23) Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________. A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem D) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem | back 23 C |
front 24 24) Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical
meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed
by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or
soccer field? B) Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate
compared to grass mowed three inches above the ground level. | back 24 D |
front 25 25) In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is
perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem
grow? C) at a 45-degree angle from the ground D) away from the sun | back 25 B |
front 26 26) Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? A) secondary xylem D) tubers | back 26 A |
front 27 27) Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as ________. A)
dermal and ground tissue D) secondary tissues | back 27 D |
front 28 28) Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age? A) number of apical bud scar rings D) length of internodes | back 28 A |
front 29 29) A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the
following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered
________. C) perennial | back 29 A |
front 30 30) Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in
the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? C) zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation D) zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation | back 30 A |
front 31 31) The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________. A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the
root C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem D) continuous cell division of root cap cells | back 31 C |
front 32 32) Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of
the following more possible? C) increased absorption of carbon dioxide. D) effective lateral growth of the stem | back 32 A |
front 33 33) Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
A) endodermis D) pericycle | back 33 D |
front 34 34) As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree
that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground.
Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown
to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is
the nail? B) 1.5 | back 34 B |
front 35 35) You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has
vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What do
you conclude about the plant? C) It is probably a monocot. | back 35 C |
front 36 36) Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between
the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________. C) do not produce wood in annual rings | back 36 C |
front 37 40) A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds
many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells
have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they? A)
parenchyma C) collenchyma | back 37 A |
front 38 41) The veins of leaves are ________. I) composed of xylem and phloem A) only I | back 38 D |
front 39 44) Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf
when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a
human ________. C) removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase D) increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase | back 39 B |
front 40 45) A lateral root originates in the ________. A) pericycle D) epidermis | back 40 A |
front 41 46) Of the following plants, which stem has scattered vascular bundles? A) corn D) hibiscus | back 41 A |
front 42 47) The secondary mesophyll of leaves is made up of ________. A)
parenchyma tissue D) parenchyma and collenchyma tissues | back 42 A |
front 43 48) Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree? | back 43 B |
front 44 49) What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) primary xylem D) vascular cambium | back 44 B |
front 45 50) A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system,
several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a
layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best
describes the plant? B) woody eudicot | back 45 B |
front 46 51) If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ________. A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and
bark C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem | back 46 A |
front 47 52) Heartwood and sapwood consist of ________. A) periderm D) cork | back 47 B |
front 48 53) Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root
originates from which cells? C) endodermis | back 48 A |
front 49 54) The bark of a tree trunk is made up of ________. A) heart wood and sap wood D) secondary phloem and layers of periderm | back 49 D |
front 50 55) The polarity of a plant is established when ________. A) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo D) the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates | back 50 B |
front 51 56) Growth and development of plant parts involves ________. I) cell division to produce new cells II) enlargement and elongation of cells III) specialization of cells into tissues A) only I | back 51 D |
front 52 57) Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give
rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that
________. C) cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression D) a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation | back 52 C |
front 53 58) The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the
mature vegetative phase is often revealed by ________. C) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic
microtubules in lateral meristems | back 53 A |
front 54 1) Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of A) cell differentiation. D) cell elongation. | back 54 D |
front 55 2) The innermost layer of the root cortex is the A) core. D) pith. | back 55 C |
front 56 3) Heartwood and sapwood consist of A) bark. D) secondary phloem. | back 56 C |
front 57 4) The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the
mature vegetative phase is often revealed by C) the formation of lateral roots. | back 57 A |
front 58 5) Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and
expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis,
what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost
whorl? B) petal-petal-stamen-stamen C) sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal D) sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel | back 58 B |
front 59 6) Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? A) secondary xylem D) all of the above | back 59 D |
front 60 7) Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root? A) sclerenchyma cells D) root hairs | back 60 D |