front 1 The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is | back 1 antisepsis |
front 2 Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the number of microbes on the skin is | back 2 Degermation |
front 3 What would be used to achieve sterility? | back 3 Sporicide |
front 4 The easiest microbial forms to kill or inhibit are | back 4 Vegetative bacteria and fungi |
front 5 The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms and debris to reduce contamination to safe levels is termed | back 5 Sanitization |
front 6 The method of removing vegetative life forms from living surfaces is termed | back 6 antisepsis |
front 7 The removal of all life forms from inanimate objects is termed | back 7 sterilization |
front 8 The alcohol wipe used on a patient's skin before an injection is an example of | back 8 Antisepsis |
front 9 What factors influence the action of microbial agents? | back 9 Mode and dosage of the agent, temperature and pH, the type of microorganisms present, the number of microorganisms |
front 10 Microbial death occurs when there is | back 10 no reproduction |
front 11 Each of the following is a target of antimicrobial agents | back 11 Ribosomes, cell wall, cell membranes, cellular proteins |
front 12 Some microbial control agents are able to ___ cell proteins by breaking bonds that maintain the native state, the three dimensional configuration of the proteins | back 12 Denature |
front 13 Agents that can denature microbial proteins include all of the following except Moist heat Alcohol Acids Metallic ions X rays | back 13 X rays |
front 14 Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except Hydrogen peroxide Pasteurization Boiling water UV radiation | back 14 Hydrogen peroxide |
front 15 Sterilization is achieved by Boiling water Hot water Flash pasteurization Steam autoclave | back 15 Steam autoclave |
front 16 Dry heat | back 16 is less efficient than moist heat |
front 17 The shortest time required to kill or inactivate all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the | back 17 Thermal Death Time (TDT) |
front 18 The lowest temperature needed to kill or inactivate all microbes in 10 minutes is | back 18 Thermal Death Point |
front 19 Placing organisms at 4 degrees Celsius is | back 19 bacteriostatic |
front 20 Vials of microorganisms that undergo the freeze-drying process, called ____ will remain preserved and viable for years | back 20 lyophilization |
front 21 Removal of moisture by dehydration is called | back 21 Desiccation |
front 22 HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from | back 22 air |
front 23 ____ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them | back 23 Filtration |
front 24 Iodophors include | back 24 betadine |
front 25 ___ is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage | back 25 chlorine |
front 26 The chemical agent/s that produce/s highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals and also decomposes to O2 gas is _______. | back 26 Hydrogen peroxide |
front 27 In lab, inoculating loops are sterilized using ______ | back 27 incineration |
front 28 All microbial agents are sterilants True or false | back 28 False |
front 29 Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells True or false | back 29 False |
front 30 The goal of antimicrobial therapy is to deliver a drug that will destroy the ____ without harming the ____ | back 30 Pathogen, host |
front 31 An ideal antimicrobial drug is ____ rather than ____ and is relatively soluble | back 31 microbicidal, microbiostatic |
front 32 An ideal drug remains potent long enough to act, but does not lead to the development of ____ ______ in microbial populations | back 32 Antimicrobial resistance |
front 33 An effective drug assists the host's ____ and should not cause _____ or other infections | back 33 Defenses, allergies |
front 34 An ideal drug should be readily delivered to the site of ____ in the host, and overall, the drug should be reasonably ____ | back 34 infection, priced |
front 35 Gentamicin has a low therapeutic index compared to vancomycin, which has a higher therapeutic index. Which drug has the lowest toxicity? | back 35 Vancomycin |
front 36 Drug A has a TD50 of 25 μg/ml and an ED50 of 21 μg/ml. Drug B has a TD50 of 28 μg/ml and an ED50 of 14 μg/ml. Which drug is the riskier choice? | back 36 Drug A |
front 37 High selective toxicity yields a _______. | back 37 high TD50 value and therefore a high TI |
front 38 State the two correct answers to test your understanding of the primary goals of antimicrobial treatment. | back 38 To destroy the infective agent and to be nontoxic to the host and produce no side effects |
front 39 Choose the method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing that involves measuring and evaluating zones of inhibition around antibiotic disks placed on a culture of bacteria prior to incubation. | back 39 Kirby-Bauer Test |
front 40 The ratio of the toxic dose of an antimicrobial drug (that is toxic to humans) to its minimum therapeutic dose is the _______. | back 40 Therapeutic index |
front 41 The feature of an antimicrobial that allows it to kill or inhibit microbes yet be harmless to the host is referred to as _______. | back 41 Selective toxicity |
front 42 Amphotericin B exhibits a high degree of selective toxicity due to the fact that it targets a structure unique to only fungal cells. | back 42 False It exhibits a low degree since it targets a structure found in all living cells |
front 43 State the major targets of antimicrobial therapy. | back 43
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front 44 A narrow spectrum antimicrobial would be an appropriate choice to treat an abscess caused by several different microbe species, including both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | back 44 False |
front 45 An antimicrobial drug that is effective against a very diverse array of bacteria is described as _______ spectrum, whereas a drug that is very selective for a just a few different types of bacteria is described as _______ spectrum. | back 45 Broad, narrow |