front 1 what is the plantar | back 1 part of foot contacting the ground |
front 2 what is the dorsum | back 2 dorsal (superior) surface of the foot |
front 3 what is the heel | back 3 sole of foot under calcaneous |
front 4 what is the ball of the foot | back 4 some of foot under medial two metatarsals |
front 5 what is the last part of the foot contacting the ground when walking | back 5 ball of the foot |
front 6 | back 6 a to b. medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones
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front 7 | back 7 a. metatarsals
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front 8 what are the orders of the toe numbers | back 8 1st toe big, great toe
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front 9 what are the general categories of bones of the foot | back 9 tarsals
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front 10 what are the tarsal bones | back 10 calcaneous
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front 11 what bones make up the hindfoot and midfoot | back 11 tarsals |
front 12 what bones make up the ankle joints | back 12 tarsals |
front 13 what bone forms large bony protrusion posteriorly | back 13 calcaneous |
front 14 what does the calcaneal tendon attach to (tarsal bone) | back 14 calcaneous |
front 15 what is the domed superior tarsal bone | back 15 talus |
front 16 what bone wedges between tibia and fibula | back 16 talus |
front 17 what tarsal makes up the large portion of the ankle joint | back 17 talus |
front 18 what bone articulates with the talus | back 18 navicular |
front 19 what tarsal is a crescent shaped bone | back 19 navicular |
front 20 what bone is proximal to the cuneiform | back 20 navicular |
front 21 what is the most lateral tarsal | back 21 cuboid |
front 22 where is the cuneiform relative to the navicular | back 22 distal to the navicular |
front 23 what are the different cuneiform bones | back 23 medial (first)
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front 24 how many metatarsals are there | back 24 five |
front 25 | back 25 a. fibularis longus
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front 26 what are the long boes that make up the arch/body of the foot | back 26 metatarsals |
front 27 how many phalanges are tehre | back 27 14
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front 28 what are the phalanges | back 28 proximal and distal of big toe
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front 29 what are the two odd bones in the muscle tendon at the head of the first metatarsal on plantar surface | back 29 sesamoid bones |
front 30 what bones are buried in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis tendons | back 30 sesamoid bones |
front 31 what is the purpose of the sesamoid bones | back 31 general frictional forces and change up the angle that flexor hallucis brevis inserts on big toe, giving it more of a mechanical advantage |
front 32 what is important about the foot's general role | back 32 major supportive structure that bears weight whenever we stand up or use locomotion |
front 33 what is the support function of the foot based on | back 33 three arches |
front 34 what do the arches of the foot do? | back 34 act as shock absorbers
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front 35 why do people with flat feet have problems | back 35 nerves and arteries bothered and pinched |
front 36 what are the arches of the foot | back 36 medial longitudinal arch
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front 37 where is the medial longitudinal arch | back 37 runs on medial longitudinal border of the foot |
front 38 which arch of the foot does not make a footprint | back 38 medial longitudinal arch |
front 39 where is the lateral longitudinal arch | back 39 on lateral longitudinal border of the foot, not as high as medial longitudinal arch so it makes a footprint |
front 40 where is the transverse arch of the foot | back 40 arrangement of the metatarsal bones themselves |
front 41 how do the bones of the arch provide passive support | back 41 due to how they are shaped and interlock structurally |
front 42 what are the layers of fibrous tissue that provide passive support to the arches of the feet | back 42 plantar aponeurosis
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front 43 what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis | back 43 protects underlying tendons, muscles, nerves, BVs
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front 44 what is the plantar aponeurosis | back 44 thickened portion of plantar fascia
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front 45 where does plantar aponeurosis run | back 45 calcaneus to heads of metatarsals and base of proximal phalanx |
front 46 where does the long plantar ligament run | back 46 from calcaneous to metatarsals |
front 47 what arches does the long plantar ligament support | back 47 both longitudinal arches |
front 48 what layer of the fibrous tissue runs deep to the long plantar ligament | back 48 short plantar ligament |
front 49 what layer of fibrous tissue runs from the calcaneous to cuboid tarsal bones | back 49 short plantar ligaments |
front 50 what is plantar fasciitis | back 50 inflammation of plantar fascia that makes weight bearing difficult |
front 51 where does pain in plantar fasciitis usually originate | back 51 close to calcaneus |
front 52 what can sometimes develop in plantar fasciitis | back 52 heel spur |
front 53 how can plantar fasciitis be helped | back 53 exercise and stretching of gastroc and soleus
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front 54 what layer of fibrous tissue provides the main support to the medial longitudinal arch | back 54 plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
front 55 which ligament is considered the spring ligament | back 55 plantar calcaneonavicular |
front 56 which layer of fibrous tissue are stretched out over the course of the day | back 56 no data |
front 57 what provides dynamic support to the arch | back 57 intrinsice muscles
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front 58 which muscles actively contract to support the arch | back 58 tibialis anterior
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front 59 what is the function of the tibialis anterior relative to the dynamic support of the arch | back 59 supports medial longitudinal arch |
front 60 what is the function of the fibularis longus relative to dynamic support of the arch | back 60 cuts across transverse arch and wraps under plantar aspect of foot and supports that transverse arch |
front 61 what are two types of foot shapes | back 61 pes planus
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front 62 what is pes planus | back 62 flat feet |
front 63 is pes planus common? | back 63 yes, one reason that people are exempt from army |
front 64 what are two types of pes planus | back 64 supple
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front 65 what is supple pes planus like | back 65 when foot not weight bearing, their arch looks normal; when weight bearing it flattens out as passive and active supports give way |
front 66 what is rigid pes planus due to | back 66 bone alignment fitting a certain way |
front 67 what is pes cavus and what is it from | back 67 abnormally high arch
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front 68 where do problems in the feet often manifest themselves | back 68 pain in other joints/muscles that usually do not bear stress |
front 69 what do the muscles on the dorsum of the foot do | back 69 extend the toes |
front 70 what are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot innervated by | back 70 deep fibular nerve |
front 71 what artery supplies the dorsum of the foot | back 71 dorsalis pedis artery |
front 72 what eventually becomes the dorsalis pedis artery | back 72 femoral to popliteal to anterior tibial to dorsalis pedis artery |
front 73 what is the action of the extensor hallucis brevis | back 73 big toe extensor |
front 74 what is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis | back 74 extensor of toes 2-5 |
front 75 what is an important division line on the plantar side of the foot | back 75 central axis of the foot, bisects 2nd toe and goes to calcaneus |
front 76 what are two terminal branches of the tibial nerve | back 76 medial and lateral plantar nerve |
front 77 what nerves supply the plantar side of the food | back 77 medial and lateral plantar nerves |
front 78 | back 78 a. extensor digitorum brevis
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front 79 what is in the first (superficial) layer of muscles of the plantar side of the foot made of | back 79 two abductors and a flexor |
front 80 what is included in the first layer of muscles on the plantar side of the foot | back 80 abductor hallucis
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front 81 | back 81 a. abductor digiti minimi
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front 82 what innervates the abductor hallucis | back 82 medial plantar nerve |
front 83 what innnervates the flexor digitorum brevis | back 83 medial plantar nerve |
front 84 what innervates the abductor digiti minimi | back 84 lateral plantar nerves |
front 85 what is between the first and second layer of plantar muscles | back 85 plantar nerves and plantar BVs |
front 86 what is within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles | back 86 two muscles, two tendons |
front 87 what muscles are within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles | back 87 quadratus plantae
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front 88 | back 88 a. lumbricals
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front 89 | back 89 flexor digiti minimi (3rd layer, looks out of place) |
front 90 what tendons are within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles | back 90 tendon of flexor hallucis longus
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front 91 what innervates the quadratus plantae | back 91 LPN |
front 92 what innervates the first lumbrical | back 92 MPN |
front 93 what innervates the 2-5 lumbricals | back 93 LPN |
front 94 what do the lumbricals do | back 94 flex proximal phalanges and extend intermediate and distal phalanges |
front 95 where does the quadratus plantae run | back 95 from heel to tendons of flexor hallucis longus |
front 96 what is interesting abuot quadratus plantae | back 96 only in lower limb because quadratus plantae pulls on toes so that they don't curl at an angle but straightforward |
front 97 what do the lumbricals attach to | back 97 flexor digitorum tendons, run to digits |
front 98 what do lumbricals mean | back 98 wormlike |
front 99 where are the tendon of flexor hallucis longus and tendon of flexor digitorum longus from | back 99 from leg |
front 100 what is in the third layer of plantar muscles of the foot | back 100 one adductor, two flexors |
front 101 what are teh msucles in the third layer of plantar muscles in the foot | back 101 flexor hallucis brevis
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front 102 | back 102 a. transverse head of adductor hallucis
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front 103 what is the role of the flexor hallucis brevis | back 103 flexes proximal phalanx of first toe |
front 104 what is the action of the adductor hallucis | back 104 active during pushoff phase of gait
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front 105 where does the flexor hallucis brevis insert | back 105 two sesamoid bones |
front 106 what innervates the flexor hallucis brevis | back 106 MPN |
front 107 what is interesting about the adductor hallucis | back 107 has two muscle heads, looks like a 7 |
front 108 what innervates the adductor hallucis | back 108 LPN |
front 109 what innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis | back 109 LPN |
front 110 what is included in the fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot | back 110 many short muscles and two tendons |
front 111 | back 111 a. plantar interossei
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front 112 what is the action of the plantar interossei | back 112 adduction of toes |
front 113 how many plantar interossei are there | back 113 3 |
front 114 are the plantar interossei unipennate or dipennate | back 114 unipennate |
front 115 whta is the actin of the dorsal interossei | back 115 abduction of toes |
front 116 how many dorsal interossei are tehre | back 116 4 |
front 117 are dorsal interossei unipennate or dipennate | back 117 bipennate |
front 118 what are the short muscles that run in between the metatarsals | back 118 interossei |
front 119 how many plantar interossei are there | back 119 three |
front 120 how mnay dorsal interossei are there | back 120 four |
front 121 what are the two tendons of fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot | back 121 tendon of fibularis longus
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front 122 what are the muscles that are in the fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot | back 122 plantar and dorsal interossei |
front 123 what artery supplies the dorsum of the foot | back 123 dorsalis pedis artery |
front 124 what areter does the dorsalis pedis artery give off distally | back 124 arcuate artery |
front 125 what does the dorsalis pedis artery come off of | back 125 anterior tibial artery |
front 126 what comes off the arcuate artery | back 126 deep plantar artery that passes to plantar aspect of foot and small digital branches |
front 127 | back 127 a. deep plantar artery
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front 128 what is the path of the deep plantar artery | back 128 goes between toes 1 and 2 |
front 129 where is the dorsalis pedis artery from | back 129 anterior tibial artery |
front 130 what is the course of the dorsalis pedis artery | back 130 sends branch to plantar side of foot, anastamoses with some plantar BVs and terminates between first and second toe |
front 131 where is the palpable dorsalis pedis pulse | back 131 distal to extensor retinaculum and just laeral to tendon for extensor hallucis longus |
front 132 what is the dorsalis pedis artery checked for | back 132 arterial insufficiency |
front 133 how much of the populatin have a weak or absent dorsalis pedis artery | back 133 10% |
front 134 what is the smaller branch of the posterior tibial artery | back 134 medial plantar artery |
front 135 what does the medial plantar artery supply | back 135 medial plantar side of foot |
front 136 what is the larger branch of the posterior tibial artery | back 136 lateral plantar artery |
front 137 | back 137 a. deep plantar artery
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front 138 what supplies most of the plantar side of the foot | back 138 lateral plantar artery |
front 139 what is the plantar arterial arch a union of | back 139 lateral plantar artery and deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis) |
front 140 what gives off the digital arteries | back 140 plantar arterial arch |
front 141 does the cutaneous information of the foot follow the central axis rule | back 141 nope |
front 142 what does the saphenous nerve supply | back 142 medial side of dorsum to first metatarsal |
front 143 what does the superficial fibular nerve supply | back 143 dorsum of foot and parts of digits |
front 144 what does the deep fibular nerve supply | back 144 between first and second digits |
front 145 what does the medial plantar nerve supply | back 145 medial plantar side of foot and first 3.5 digits |
front 146 what does the lateral plantar nerve supply | back 146 lateral plantar side of foot and last 1.5 digits |
front 147 what does the sural nerve supply | back 147 very lateral side of foot |
front 148 what does the tibial nerve supply | back 148 skin of heel |
front 149 | back 149 a. sural nerve
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front 150 | back 150 a. tibial nerve
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